Treatment of herpes zoster

• Published in: Canadian family physician Vol. 54; no. 3; pp. 373 - 377
• Main Authors: Opstelten, Wim, Eekhof, Just, Neven, Arie Knuistingh, Verheij, Theo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Canada The College of Family Physicians of Canada 01.03.2008; College of Family Physicians of Canada
• Subjects: 2-Aminopurine - administration & dosage; 2-Aminopurine - analogs & derivatives; 2-Aminopurine - therapeutic use; Acyclovir - administration & dosage; Acyclovir - analogs & derivatives; Acyclovir - therapeutic use; Antiviral Agents - administration & dosage; Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use; Antiviral drugs; Clinical Review; Clinical trials; Glucocorticoids - administration & dosage; Glucocorticoids - therapeutic use; Herpes viruses; Herpes Zoster - drug therapy; Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus - drug therapy; Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus - prevention & control; Humans; Medical treatment; Neuralgia, Postherpetic - drug therapy; Neuralgia, Postherpetic - prevention & control; Prednisolone - administration & dosage; Prednisolone - therapeutic use; Time Factors; Valine - administration & dosage; Valine - analogs & derivatives; Valine - therapeutic use
• ISSN: 0008-350X; 1715-5258

To review the evidence regarding treatment of herpes zoster (HZ) in the short-term, focusing on the prevention of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). The evidence relating to treatment of HZ is derived mainly from randomized controlled trials (level I evidence). Antiviral drugs might have some effect on the severity of acute pain and on the duration of skin lesions. Corticosteroids also alleviate acute pain. Oral antiviral medication reduces the risk of eye complications in patients with ophthalmic HZ. There is no convincing evidence that antiviral medication reduces the risk of PHN. Some studies, however, have shown that famciclovir and valacyclovir shorten the duration of PHN. The effectiveness of amitriptyline or cutaneous and percutaneous interventions in preventing PHN has not been proven. Oral antiviral drugs should be prescribed to elderly HZ patients with high risk of PHN. Moreover, these drugs should be prescribed to all patients at the first signs of ophthalmic HZ, irrespective of age or severity of symptoms.