Nitrogen‐Doped Co3O4 Mesoporous Nanowire Arrays as an Additive‐Free Air‐Cathode for Flexible Solid‐State Zinc–Air Batteries

• Published in: Advanced materials (Weinheim) Vol. 29; no. 15
• Main Authors: Yu, Minghao, Wang, Zhengke, Hou, Cheng, Wang, Zilong, Liang, Chaolun, Zhao, Cunyuan, Tong, Yexiang, Lu, Xihong, Yang, Shihe
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Weinheim Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 18.04.2017
• Subjects: Abundance; additive‐free; Adsorption; Assembly; Batteries; Catalysts; Catalytic activity; Co3O4; Doping; flexible zinc–air battery; Materials science; Metal air batteries; Nanowires; Nitrogen; nitrogen doping; oxygen reduction reaction; Portability; Reaction kinetics; Redesign; Zinc-oxygen batteries
• ISSN: 0935-9648; 1521-4095
• DOI: 10.1002/adma.201602868

The kinetically sluggish rate of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on the cathode side is one of the main bottlenecks of zinc‐air batteries (ZABs), and thus the search for an efficient and cost‐effective catalyst for ORR is highly pursued. Co3O4 has received ever‐growing interest as a promising ORR catalyst due to the unique advantages of low‐cost, earth abundance and decent catalytic activity. However, owing to the poor conductivity as a result of its semiconducting nature, the ORR activity of the Co3O4 catalyst is still far below the expectation. Herein, we report a controllable N‐doping strategy to significantly improve the catalytic activity of Co3O4 for ORR and demonstrate these N doped Co3O4 nanowires as an additive‐free air‐cathode for flexible solid‐state zinc‐air batteries. The results of experiments and DFT calculations reveal that the catalytic activity is promoted by the N dopant through a combined set of factors, including enhanced electronic conductivity, increased O2 adsorption strength and improved reaction kinetics. Finally, the assembly of all‐solid‐state ZABs based on the optimized cathode exhibit a high volumetric capacity of 98.1 mAh cm‐3 and outstanding flexibility. The demonstration of such flexible ZABs provides valuable insights that point the way to the redesign of emerging portable electronics. A novel additive‐free design of the air‐cathode for flexible zinc–air batteries consists of directly growing and neatly assembling mesoporous Co3O4 nanowires on a carbon cloth. To optimize the catalytic activity of Co3O4 for the oxygen reduction reaction, a controllable N‐doping strategy is developed giving rise to enhanced electronic conductivity and increased O2 adsorption strength.