Homogeneous versus heterogeneous catalysis in Cu2O-nanoparticle-catalyzed C–C coupling reactions

Copper based nanocatalysts have recently emerged as attractive catalysts for a diversity of bond formations, such as C–C, C–N, C–O, C–S, and C–Se. However, the identification of truly heterogeneous versus homogeneous catalytic conditions remains an ongoing challenge within the field. Herein, we repo...

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Published inGreen chemistry : an international journal and green chemistry resource : GC Vol. 21; no. 19; pp. 5284 - 5290
Main Authors Ravi Teja Addanki Tirumala, Dadgar, Andishaeh P, Mohammadparast, Farshid, Sundaram Bhardwaj Ramakrishnan, Mou, Tong, Wang, Bin, Andiappan, Marimuthu
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Cambridge Royal Society of Chemistry 2019
Subjects
Atomic absorption analysis
Atomic absorption spectroscopy
Atomic beam spectroscopy
Atomic properties
Catalysis
Catalysts
Chemical reactions
Coordination compounds
Copper
Copper compounds
Copper oxides
Coupling (molecular)
Cross coupling
Density functional theory
Green chemistry
Ionization
Mass spectrometry
Mass spectroscopy
Nanoparticles
Nuclear reactors
Spectral analysis
Sustainable development
Transmission electron microscopy
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Summary:Copper based nanocatalysts have recently emerged as attractive catalysts for a diversity of bond formations, such as C–C, C–N, C–O, C–S, and C–Se. However, the identification of truly heterogeneous versus homogeneous catalytic conditions remains an ongoing challenge within the field. Herein, we report that in cuprous oxide (Cu2O) nanoparticle-mediated C–C homo-coupling and cross-coupling reactions, the presence of a base facilitates the copper complex mediated homogeneous catalytic pathway. Whereas in the absence of a base, the reaction can proceed heterogeneously on the surface of Cu2O nanoparticles. We distinguished the homogenous versus heterogeneous pathways using a combination of reactor study, ultraviolet-visible extinction spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, flame atomic absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and density-functional theory calculations. Our findings indicate that Cu2O nanoparticles can catalyze C–C coupling reactions under lingandless and base-free conditions via a truly heterogeneous pathway paving the way for the development of highly efficient, robust and sustainable processes.
ISSN:1463-9262
1463-9270
DOI:10.1039/c9gc01930h