Effect of low Al3+ doping on the structural, electrochemical performances, and thermal stability of the LiNi1/3Co1/3Co1/3O2 electrode material for lithium‐ion batteries

• Published in: International journal of energy research Vol. 45; no. 9; pp. 13925 - 13935
• Main Authors: Kaddami, Abderrahman, Ouzaouit, Khalid, Lamsayety, Isam, Faqir, Hakim, Benzakour, Intissar, Saadoune, Ismael
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Chichester, UK John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.07.2021
• Subjects: Aluminum; aluminum doping; Batteries; Cathodes; co‐precipitation; Diffraction patterns; Doping; Electrochemical analysis; Electrochemistry; Electrode materials; Electrodes; Heavy metals; Lithium; Lithium-ion batteries; Li‐ion batteries; Metal sulfates; NCM electrode; Oxides; Parameters; Safety; Thermal stability
• ISSN: 0363-907X; 1099-114X
• DOI: 10.1002/er.6732

Summary A series of Al‐doping Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)1‐yAlyO2 (y = 0, 0.0001, 0.0002, 0.0003, and 0.0004) electrode materials were prepared via an optimized co‐precipitation method using high‐purity metal sulfates produced by Managem (Morocco), and at low‐synthesis temperature of 750°C. Refinement of the X‐ray diffraction patterns reveals the formation of pure layered oxides with no obvious change in the hexagonal unit‐cell parameters. Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)1‐yAlyO2 electrode materials were tested as electrode for lithium‐ion batteries in the voltage range of 2.5 to 4.25 V vs Li+/Li. Discharge capacities of around 160 mAh/g were achieved with an obvious enhancement of the electrochemical performance although the rate of Al‐doping is very small. 0.02% Al‐doping exhibits better coulombic efficiency (98%) and a capacity retention of 98% at the 50th cycle. Safety tests were also investigated for delithiated cathode materials Liy(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)1‐yAlyO2 recovered at the end of the charge process. Once again, the composition corresponding to 0.02% Al‐doping shows the best safety parameters compared to the NCM(111) reference material (Tonset = 289°C; ΔH = 738 J/g). 0.02% doping completely changes the electrochemical performance of NMC(111).