Nutritional variables associated with anxiety and body image self-perception in mexican children according with the presence of overweight/obesity

Introduction Childhood obesity has been associated with the intake of energy-dense foods and sedentary lifestyle, and with mental health indicators such as anxiety and perception of body image. In Mexico the relationship between these variables in children has not been studied. Objective To assess t...

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Published inSalud mental (México) Vol. 39; no. 3; p. 157
Main Authors Escalante-Izeta, Ericka Ileana, Haua-Navarro, Karime, Moreno-Landa, Luz Irene, Perez-Lizaur, Ana Bertha
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria 01.05.2016
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Summary:Introduction Childhood obesity has been associated with the intake of energy-dense foods and sedentary lifestyle, and with mental health indicators such as anxiety and perception of body image. In Mexico the relationship between these variables in children has not been studied. Objective To assess the body self-perception and risk of anxiety according to the presence of children with normal weight for their stature and age (BMI) and children with overweight/obesity, controlling for dietary variables and health habits in children of school age. Method 259 boys and girls with normal BMI vs. 326 with overweight/obesity from three public schools in the State of Mexico were evaluated. BMI was calculated from direct measures of weight and height. Diet and lifestyle were associated with the presence of anxiety and body-image dissatisfaction. For anxiety assessment, the CMAS-R questionnaire was used and test-SC for body image self-perception. Results 43% of school children showed cardiovascular risk and 7.7% metabolic syndrome risk. Children with normal weight have greater satisfaction with their body image and weight, compared to children with overweight or obesity (68.3% vs. 49.1%). Discussion and conclusion There were no differences in anxiety according to BMI. The self-perception of body image is less favorable in specific areas of the body, in children with overweight or obesity. Key words: Body image perception, anxiety, child overweight, obesity. Introducción La obesidad infantil se ha asociado con la ingesta de alimentos densamente energéticos, con el sedentarismo y con indicadores de salud mental como la ansiedad manifiesta y la percepción de la imagen corporal. En México no se ha reportado la relación entre dichas variables en población infantil. Objetivo Evaluar la auto-percepción corporal y el riesgo de ansiedad, de acuerdo con la presencia de sobrepeso u obesidad, controlando las variables dietéticas y los hábitos de salud en niños en edad escolar. Método Clasificados por su Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) se compararon 259 niños y niñas sin sobrepeso/obesidad vs. 326 quienes presentaron dicha condición, en tres escuelas públicas del Estado de México. El IMC se obtuvo por medición directa del peso y la estatura. Se exploró la relación del consumo de alimentos (dieta) y el estilo de vida con la presencia de ansiedad (cuestionario CMAS-R), auto-percepción y satisfacción corporal (test-SC). Resultados El 43% de los escolares presentan riesgo cardiovascular y 7.7% riesgo de síndrome metabólico. Los participantes sin sobrepeso/obesidad presentaron mayor satisfacción con su imagen corporal (68.3%). No se encontraron diferencias entre el IMC y la ansiedad total, ni con cada una de sus dimensiones. Discusión y conclusión No se reportaron diferencias en la ansiedad de acuerdo con el IMC. La auto-percepción de la imagen corporal fue menos favorable, en zonas específicas del cuerpo en niñas y niños con sobrepeso u obesidad. Palabras clave: Autopercepción corporal, ansiedad, sobrepeso, obesidad infantil.
ISSN:0185-3325
DOI:10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2016.014