Violencia de pareja en mujeres de la comunidad, tipos y severidad Cali, Colombia

• Published in: Revista de salud pública (Bogotá, Colombia) Vol. 14; no. 3; pp. 377 - 389
• Main Authors: Burgos, Delia, de Pheils, Pilar Bernai, Tobo, Natalia, Canaval, Gladys E, Humphreys, Janice
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: Spanish
• Published: Bogota Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Medicina 01.06.2012; Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Instituto de Salud Publica, Facultad de Medicina - Universidad Nacional de Colombia
• Subjects: Domestic violence; Gender-based violence; PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH; Sociodemographics; Socioeconomic factors; Colombia; Violencia contra la mujer; Violence against women; sexual violence; wo-men; hazard; violencia sexual; mujer; maltrato conyugal; spouse abuse; amenazas
• ISSN: 0124-0064; 2539-3596

Objetivo Identificar características socio-demográficas, tipos y severidad de violencia de pareja en mujeres de la comunidad. Metodología Estudio descriptivo transversal en 150 mujeres expuestas a violencia. Se uso la Escala de Severidad de Violencia contra la Mujer, coeficiente Alfa de 0.89, se diseño un cuestionario para explorar variables socio-demográficas: edad, sexo, estrato socio-económico, nivel de estudios, estado civil, ocupación. Resultados Edad promedio 37 años, mestizas 74%, estrato socioeconómico 2 y 3 en el 68%. El 43% tenía unión libre, experimentó violencia por personas diferentes al compañero sentimental el 31%. Experimentó amenazas el 96.3%, violencia física 88% y sexual 53%. Todos los tipos se correlacionaron entre sí, r de 0,42 a 0,84 (p < 0,01). El estrato socioeconómico correlacionó negativa y significativamente con amenaza de violencia (p < 0,01) y positivamente con violencia física (p < 0,01). Otros aspectos socio-demográficos no correlacionaron. Conclusión Los factores psicosociales aparecen con gran implicación en el fenómeno. Valorar e intervenir formas de violencia diferentes a la física implica proteger, reducir daño y sufrimiento a la mujer, vital enfatizar intervenciones para la prevención de diferentes tipos de violencia según el nivel socioeconómico y acompañar a la mujer y al agresor en el reconocimiento de la violencia y búsqueda de ayuda. Palabras Clave: Violencia contra la mujer, violencia sexual, amenazas, maltrato conyugal, mujer (fuente: DeCS, BIREME). Objective Identifying the incidence and severity of types of intimate partner violence against women exposed to this in their communities and the pertinent sociodemographic characteristics. Methodology This was a cross-sectional descriptive study of 150 women suffering intimate partner violence. The Severity of Violence Against Women Scale was used to explore demographic variables, e.g. age, sex, socioeconomic status, educational level, marital status and occupation. Results Mean age was 37 years, 74% were mestizos, 68% were living in socioeconomic groups 2 and 3, 43% were living with a permanent partner and 31% had experienced violence by other people than their intimate partner. There was high exposure (96.3%) to more than one type of violence; 88% had suffered physical and 53% sexual threats. All types were correlated with each other (r ranged from 0.42 to 0.84 (p < 0.01)). Socioeconomic status had a significant negative correlation with threats of violence (p < 0.01) and positive correlation with physical violence (p < 0.01); other socio-demographic variables did not correlate. Conclusion Psychosocial factors are heavily involved in the phenomenon. Screening and intervening in forms of violence other than physical ones means protecting women and reducing the harm being done to them and alleviating their suffering. It is vital that interventions should be undertaken for preventing different types of violence according to socioeconomic group and accompany women and their assailants in recognising such violence and seeking help. Key Words: Violence against women, sexual violence, hazard, spouse abuse, women (source: MeSH, NLM).