Circulating MicroRNAs as Diagnostic Biomarkers of Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer is characterized as deadly amid cancers of women. The reason for the raised fatality rate is asymptomatic and quiet nature of development of ovarian cancer particularly in early stages. Absence of relevant markers for diagnosing the disease in initial stages also adds up to the burden...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inIndian journal of clinical biochemistry Vol. 36; no. S1; p. S121
Main Authors Sonia, Chawla, Gitanjali, Goyal, Seema, Bhatti, Sarita
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Springer 24.05.2022
Subjects
Biological markers
Chromosomes
Deregulation
Development and progression
Epigenetic inheritance
Genetic transcription
MicroRNA
Ovarian cancer
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ISSN0970-1915

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Summary:Ovarian cancer is characterized as deadly amid cancers of women. The reason for the raised fatality rate is asymptomatic and quiet nature of development of ovarian cancer particularly in early stages. Absence of relevant markers for diagnosing the disease in initial stages also adds up to the burden. There is critical need for improved diagnostic approaches for detection at initial stage where the disease is relatively manageable. MicroRNA (miRNA), a class of single stranded, non-coding RNA of length 19-25 nucleotides are currently being researched for early diagnosis of ovarian Cancer. miRNAs regulate expression of approximately more than half of the protein coding genes. They post-transcriptionally modulate expression of selected genes by binding to 3'- untranslated region of their mRNA. They are related with various aspects of oncogenesis such as development, metastasis, intrusion, angiogenesis and apoptosis by acting as modulators of growth factors, boosters of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, modulators of extracellular matrix and inhibitors of apoptosis etc. In this way, behave as supporters or suppressors of ovarian carcinoma. Dysregulation of microRNA is focal point of ovarian carcinogenesis. Deregulation is result of different mechanisms like chromosomal variations including deletion, insertion and amplification of miRNA genes. Loss of heterozygosity, epigenetic alterations also contribute to the same. microRNA can prove as better diagnostic marker than conventional protein biomarkers as they will display change before a protein marker and are stable in general circulation. The upregulated or down regulated expression of miRNAs can aid in differentiation of women with ovarian cancer from healthy subjects
ISSN:0970-1915