Photocatalytic degradation of dyes in water by analytical reagent grades ZnO, TiO.sub.2 and SnO.sub.2: a comparative study

• Published in: Drinking water engineering and science Vol. 10; no. 2; pp. 109 - 217
• Main Authors: Shinde, Dnyaneshwar R, Tambade, Popat S, Chaskar, Manohar G, Gadave, Kisan M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Copernicus GmbH 16.11.2017
• Subjects: Comparative analysis; Reagents; Zinc oxide
• ISSN: 1996-9457; 1996-9465

In this study, we evaluated the photocatalytic activities of analytical reagent (AR) grade ZnO, TiO.sub.2, and SnO.sub.2 to identify a low-cost photocatalyst for dye degradation. The obtained samples of ZnO, TiO.sub.2, and SnO.sub.2 were characterised by X-ray diffractogram (XRD), scanning electron microscope imaging, and UV-VIS diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The decolourisation of three structurally diverse dyes, namely crystal violet, basic blue, and methyl red under solar irradiation, was used to evaluate the photocatalytic activities of three metal oxides. The photocatalytic activities of the received three metal oxides were tested with the photocatalytic degradation of dyes and compared with Degussa P-25. Dye solutions with each metal oxide at initial pH 9 were subjected to irradiation under sunlight and monitored for up to the stage of complete decolourisation. The results indicate that ZnO exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity as compared to TiO.sub.2 and SnO.sub.2 as well as that of Degussa P-25 (TiO.sub.2). The photocatalytic dye decolourisation rates with ZnO were 1.14-1.35, 1.70-3.1, and 4-8.5 times higher than those of the Degussa P-25, TiO.sub.2, and SnO.sub.2, respectively. The percentage COD removal was studied for ZnO and partial removal was observed at the decolourisation stage. To enhance photocatalytic activity of AR grade ZnO, it was loaded with Ag metal and about 20 % enhancement in the activity was observed.