Genetic variability and heritability for resistance to black stem (Phoma macdonaldii) in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Black stem, caused by Phoma macdonaldii, is one of the most important diseases of sunflower in many Countries. In order to study the genetic control of the disease, seeds of the inbred line AS-613 were exposed to 75 Grays of gamma rays and M1 and M2 plants were self-pollinated to obtain the M3 gener...

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Published inJournal of Genetics and Breeding (Italy) Vol. 58; no. 4
Main Authors Abou Al Fadil, T. (Ecole Nationale Superieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Castanet (France). Dept. of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding), Dechamp-Guillaume, G. (Ecole Nationale Superieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Castanet (France). Dept. of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding), Poormohammad Kiani, S. (Ecole Nationale Superieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Castanet (France). Dept. of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding), Sarrafi, A. (Ecole Nationale Superieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Castanet (France). Dept. of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding)
Format Magazine Article
LanguageEnglish
Published 01.12.2004
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Summary:Black stem, caused by Phoma macdonaldii, is one of the most important diseases of sunflower in many Countries. In order to study the genetic control of the disease, seeds of the inbred line AS-613 were exposed to 75 Grays of gamma rays and M1 and M2 plants were self-pollinated to obtain the M3 generation. Among M3 mutants, M3-8, a relatively resistant line to black stem, was crossed with AS-613. Seeds from this cross were grown and F1 plants were self-pollinated to produce F2 seeds from which the F3 generation was produced. Eighty-eight F3 families and two parents were used to determine the genetic variability of partial resistance to black stem in sunflower. Twelve-day-old seedlings were inoculated at the junction of the cotyledon petiole and hypocotyl with 20 micronl of pycniospore suspension. Seven days after inoculation, both cotyledon petioles of the seedling were scored according to the percentage of petiole area exhibiting symptoms (necrosis). Significant difference in resistance between the two parents, M3-8 and AS-613, indicates that mutagenesis can be considered as important tool to produce genetic variation for resistance to Phoma in sunflower. Results showed that F3 families included extreme genotypes with a relatively high resistance rate compared with the parents. Ten percent of F3 families showed a resistance rate higher than the one of the best parent, indicating transgressive segregation for resistance to black stem among families. The percentage of heritability was 69.6, which indicates that progeny selection for resistance to the disease is possible [Lo stelo nero, causato da Phoma macdonaldii, è una delle malattie più importanti del girasole in molti Paesi. Per studiarne il controllo genetico, semi della linea consanguinea AS-613 sono stati esposti a 75 Gray di raggi gamma e le piante M1 ed M2 sono state autoimpollinate per ottenere la generazione M3. Fra i mutanti M3, M3-8, linea relativamente resistente allo stelo nero, è stata incrociata con AS-613. Le piante F1 derivanti dall´incrocio sono state impollinate per produrre semi F2, da cui è stata derivata la F3. Ottantotto famiglie F3 e i due parentali sono stati utilizzati per determinare la variabilità genetica della resistenza parziale allo stelo nero nel girasole. Plantule di 12 giorni sono state inoculate al punto di attacco del picciolo dei cotiledoni sull´ipocotile con 20 micronl di una sospensione di picnidiospore. Sette giorni dopo l´inoculazione, ambedue i piccioli dei cotiledoni della plantula sono stati classificati in base alla percentuale dell´area interessata dai sintomi (necrosi). La differenza significativa nella resistenza fra i due parentali, M3-8 e AS-613, indica che la mutagenesi può essere considerata uno strumento importante per produrre variazione genetica per la resistenza a Phoma nel girasole. I risultati hanno dimostrato che le famiglie F3 comprendevano genotipi estremi con un livello di resistenza relativamente alto rispetto ai parentali. Il 10% della famiglie F3 ha evidenziato un livello di resistenza maggiore di quello del miglior parentale, facendo presupporre una segregazione trasgressiva per la resistenza allo stelo nero nell´ambito delle famiglie. La percentuale di ereditabilità era 69,6, il che indica che è possibile la selezione per progenie per la resistenza alla malattia.]
Bibliography:3 tables
F30
2006600051
37 ref.
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ISSN:0394-9257