Cow and calf performance on Coastal or Tifton 85 Bermudagrass pastures with aeschynomene creep-grazing paddocks

• Published in: Journal of animal science Vol. 85; no. 10; pp. 2762 - 2771
• Main Authors: Corriher, V.A, Hill, G.M, Andrae, J.G, Froetschel, M.A, Mullinix, B.G. Jr
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Savoy, IL American Society of Animal Science 01.10.2007; Am Soc Animal Sci
• Subjects: Aeschynomene; Angus; Animal Feed - analysis; Animal Husbandry - methods; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena - drug effects; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena - physiology; animal performance; Animal productions; Animals; Animals, Newborn - growth & development; beef cows; Biological and medical sciences; body weight; Breeding; calves; Cattle - growth & development; cattle feeding; cow feeding; creep grazing; cultivars; Cynodon; Cynodon dactylon; Fabaceae; feed intake; Female; females; forage quality; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; gender differences; grazing; in vitro digestibility; Lactation; liveweight gain; Male; males; Milk - chemistry; Milk - metabolism; milk protein yield; milk proteins; Milk Proteins - analysis; nutritive value; pasture plants; pastures; Poaceae; Polled Hereford; protein content; Random Allocation; Seasons; Terrestrial animal productions; Vertebrates; Weaning; weaning weight; Weight Gain; Georgia; Farming animal; Dairy cattle; Calf; Dairy product; Ox; Cow; Grazing; calf gain; Vertebrata; Meat animals; Mammalia; creep grazing; Pasture; aeschynomene; Artiodactyla; Performance; Bermudagrass; Ungulata; Milk
• ISSN: 0021-8812; 1525-3163
• DOI: 10.2527/jas.2007-0015

Cow and calf performance was determined in a 2-yr, 2 x 2 factorial, grazing experiment using Coastal or Tifton 85 (T85) replicated Bermudagrass pastures (4 pastures each; each pasture 4.86 ha), without or with aeschynomene creep-grazing paddocks (n = 4, 0.202 ha each, planted in May of each year, 13.44 kg/ha). On June 10, 2004, and June 8, 2005, 96 winter-calving beef "tester" cows and their calves were grouped by cow breed (9 Angus and 3 Polled Hereford/group), initial cow BW (592.9 ± 70.1 kg, 2-yr mean), age of dam, calf breed (Angus, Polled Hereford, or Angus x Polled Hereford), calf sex, initial calf age (117 ± 20.1 d, 2-yr mean), and initial calf BW (161.3 ± 30.4 kg) and were randomly assigned to pastures. Additional cow-calf pairs and open cows were added as the forage increased during the season. Forage mass was similar for all treatment pastures (P > 0.70; 2-yr mean, 6,939 vs. 6,628 kg/ha, Coastal vs. T85; 6,664 vs. 6,896 kg/ha, no creep grazing vs. creep grazing). Main effect interactions did not occur for performance variables (P > 0.10; 2-yr means), and year affected only the initial and final BW of the calves and cows. The 91-d tester calf ADG was greater for calves grazing T85 than Coastal (0.94 vs. 0.79 kg; P < 0.01), and for calves creep grazing aeschynomene compared with calves without creep grazing (0.90 vs. 0.82 kg; P < 0.03). Calf 205-d adjusted weaning weights were increased for calves grazing T85 compared with Coastal (252.9 vs. 240.3 kg; P < 0.01) and for calves with access to creep grazing (249.9 vs. 243.3 kg; P < 0.05). The IVDMD of esophageal masticate from pastures had a forage x creep grazing interaction (P < 0.05; Coastal, no creep grazing = 57.4%; Coastal, creep grazing = 52.1%; T85, no creep grazing = 59.1%; T85, creep grazing = 60.0%), and IVDMD was greater (P < 0.05) for T85 than for Coastal pastures. Cows were milked in August 2004, and in June and August 2005, with variable milk yields on treatments, but increased milk protein (P < 0.05) for cows grazing T85 compared with Coastal pastures in August each year, contributing to increased calf gains on T85 pastures. These results complement previous research with T85 and indicate increased forage quality and performance of cattle grazing T85 pastures. Calf gains on T85 pastures and for calves on creep-grazed aeschynomene paddocks were high enough to influence the efficiency of cow-calf operations.