Genetic parameters for growth and carcass traits of Brahman steers

• Published in: Journal of animal science Vol. 85; no. 6; pp. 1377 - 1384
• Main Authors: Smith, T, Domingue, J.D, Paschal, J.C, Franke, D.E, Bidner, T.D, Whipple, G
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Savoy, IL American Society of Animal Science 01.06.2007; Am Soc Animal Sci
• Subjects: Animal productions; Animals; backfat; beef; beef carcasses; beef quality; Biological and medical sciences; Body Composition - genetics; Brahman; calpastatin; calves; carcass characteristics; carcass yield; Cattle - anatomy & histology; Cattle - genetics; Cattle - growth & development; enzyme activity; Food industries; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; genetic correlation; Genetic Variation; heritability; liveweight gain; Male; Meat - standards; Meat and meat product industries; meat tenderness; pedigree; steers; Terrestrial animal productions; Vertebrates; zebu; Louisiana; Bovine; Growth; Meat product; Ox; Genetic parameter; Carcass; carcass trait; Vertebrata; Meat animals; Mammalia; Artiodactyla; Brahman steer; Ungulata
• ISSN: 0021-8812; 1525-3163
• DOI: 10.2527/jas.2006-653

Spring-born purebred Brahman bull calves (n = 467) with known pedigrees, sired by 68 bulls in 17 private herds in Louisiana, were purchased at weaning from 1996 through 2000 to study variation in growth, carcass, and tenderness traits. After purchase, calves were processed for stocker grazing on ryegrass, fed in a south Texas feedlot, and processed in a commercial facility. Carcass data were recorded 24 h postmortem. Muscle samples and primal ribs were taken to measure calpastatin activity and shear force. An animal model was used to estimate heritability, genetic correlations, and sire EPD. Relatively high heritability estimates were found for BW at slaughter (0.59 ± 0.16), HCW (0.57 ± 0.15), LM area (0.50 ± 0.16), yield grade (0.46 ± 0.17), calpastatin enzyme activity (0.45 ± 0.17), and carcass quality grade (0.42 ± 0.16); moderate heritability estimates were found for hump height (0.38 ± 0.16), marbling score (0.37 ± 0.16), backfat thickness (0.36 ± 0.17), feedlot ADG (0.33 ± 0.14), 7-d shear force (0.29 ± 0.14), and 14-d shear force (0.20 ± 0.11); relatively low heritability estimates were found for skeletal maturity (0.10 ± 0.10), lean maturity (0.00 ± 0.07), and percent KPH (0.00 ± 0.07). Most genetic correlations were between -0.50 and +0.50. Other genetic correlations were 0.74 ± 0.27 between calpastatin activity and 7-d shear force, 0.72 ± 0.25 between calpastatin activity and 14-d shear force, (0.90 ± 0.30 between yield grade and 7-d shear force, and -0.82 ± 0.27 between backfat thickness and 7-d shear force. Heritability estimates and genetic correlations for most traits were similar to estimates reported in the literature. Sire EPD ranges for carcass traits approached those reported for sires in other breeds. The magnitude of heritability estimates suggests that improvement in carcass yield, carcass quality, and consumer acceptance traits can be made within the Brahman population.