Effect of Sclerotium Density and Irrigation on Disease Incidence and on Efficacy of Coniothyrium minitans in Suppressing Lettuce Drop Caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

• Published in: Plant disease Vol. 94; no. 9; pp. 1118 - 1124
• Main Authors: Chitrampalam, P, Turini, T.A, Matheron, M.E, Pryor, B.M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 01.09.2010
• Subjects: application rate; application timing; biological control; biological control agents; Coniothyrium minitans; cultivars; disease incidence; fungal antagonists; fungal diseases of plants; furrow irrigation; inoculum density; Lactuca sativa; lettuce; overhead irrigation; plant pathogenic fungi; sclerotia; Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; soil-borne diseases; sprinkler irrigation
• ISSN: 0191-2917; 1943-7692
• DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-94-9-1118

Field experiments were conducted over 2 years in Yuma, AZ, and Holtville, CA, to establish the relationship between soil sclerotium density of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and the incidence of lettuce drop on different lettuce (Lactuca sativa) types under different irrigation systems, and to determine the efficacy of the biocontrol agent Coniothyrium minitans (Contans) against S. sclerotiorum on crisphead lettuce at varied sclerotium densities under different irrigation systems. There was no significant interaction of irrigation (overhead sprinkler versus furrow) with either sclerotium density or with biocontrol treatment. Lettuce drop incidence was lowest in romaine lettuce compared with crisphead or leaf lettuce at all soil sclerotium densities. There was a significant positive correlation between the sclerotial density and the percent disease incidence. Disease incidence in plots infested with 2 sclerotia/m2 of bed was not significantly higher than in control plots regardless of lettuce type. However, plots infested with 40 or 100 sclerotia/m2 of bed revealed a significantly higher disease incidence over the control in all lettuce types. A single application of Contans at planting significantly reduced the incidence of lettuce drop in all lettuce types even under high disease pressure. There were no significant differences between recommended (2.2 kg/ha) and high (4.4 kg/ha) application rates of Contans or between one or two applications of the product.