Acute paraplegia in a young adult Long-Evans rat resulting from T-cell lymphoma

• Published in: Contemporary topics in laboratory animal science Vol. 44; no. 6; pp. 53 - 56
• Main Authors: Nagamine, C.M, Jackson, C.N, Beck, K.A, Marini, R.P, Fox, J.G, Nambiar, P.R
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 01.11.2005
• Subjects: acute course; Animals; case studies; Diagnosis, Differential; Fatal Outcome; Histological Techniques; Immunophenotyping - veterinary; laboratory animals; Lymphoma, T-Cell - complications; Lymphoma, T-Cell - diagnosis; Lymphoma, T-Cell - veterinary; Male; Paraplegia - etiology; Paraplegia - pathology; Paraplegia - veterinary; Radiography; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Spine - diagnostic imaging; Spine - pathology; Wallerian Degeneration - etiology; Wallerian Degeneration - pathology; Wallerian Degeneration - veterinary
• ISSN: 1060-0558

We describe an unusual case of acute paraplegia in a young adult (7.5-month-old) Long-Evans rat that resulted from a spontaneous T-cell lymphoma. At presentation, a neurologic exam revealed normal pelvic limb flexor reflexes, the absence of an anal reflex, and deep pain recognition. Radiographs did not identify any obvious spinal abnormality or osseous trauma, although the liver and spleen were prominent. Hematologic analysis disclosed leukocytosis with atypical lymphocytes. At necropsy, red, friable to gelatinous masses were found associated with the ventral aspect of the vertebral column at the levels of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. Impression smears of the mass revealed a monocytic cell population with cells averaging 7 to 10 microm in diameter and having scant cytoplasm and pleomorphic nuclei, characteristics consistent with a lymphoid neoplasm. Histologically, the neoplasm was unencapsulated, poorly demarcated and highly infiltrative, invading and effacing the bone marrow and epidural space of the vertebral column. Neoplastic cells also were identified in the femoral bone marrow, spleen, liver, iliac and sacral lymph nodes, and lung. Immunophenotyping showed the neoplasm to be of T-cell origin. Although the lymphoma did not invade the meninges of the spinal cord, its impingement on the central and peripheral nervous systems resulted in foci of Wallerian degeneration that contributed to the paraplegia. This case report highlights the importance of having lymphoma and leukemia among the differential diagnoses in cases of acute paralysis in rodents.