Chloramphenicol and the neonatal calf [Pharmacokinetic values and possible toxic effects]

Pharmacokinetic values and possible toxic effects of chloramphenicol on bone marrow and hematologic and serum chemical values were determined in newborn calves given the drug (IV) once a week or in repeated doses, 12 hours between doses. The rates of elimination for chloramphenicol and antipyrine al...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inAmerican journal of veterinary research Vol. 45; no. 8; p. 1586
Main Authors Burrows, G E, Tyler, R D, Craigmill, A L, Barto, P B
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States 01.01.1984
Subjects
Age Factors
Animals
Animals, Newborn - metabolism
Antipyrine - blood
Antipyrine - metabolism
Biological Assay
Cattle - metabolism
Chloramphenicol - blood
Chloramphenicol - metabolism
Chloramphenicol - toxicity
Pharmaceutical Vehicles
Propylene Glycol
Propylene Glycols - administration & dosage
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Summary:Pharmacokinetic values and possible toxic effects of chloramphenicol on bone marrow and hematologic and serum chemical values were determined in newborn calves given the drug (IV) once a week or in repeated doses, 12 hours between doses. The rates of elimination for chloramphenicol and antipyrine also were compared. Chloramphenicol also was administered to older calves by IM and subcutaneous routes, with an apparent bioavailability of 50% to 60%. The elimination half-lives for both chloramphenicol and antipyrine were markedly increased in the newborn calf for at least the first 3 to 4 weeks of life. Despite the high and prolonged serum chloramphenicol concentrations in these calves, there was little or no indication of toxic effects. Bone marrow aspirates did not reveal any signs of intoxication such as cytoplasmic or nuclear vacuolation. Marrow cellularity was not recognizably different from the control group.
Bibliography:L74
L
ISSN:0002-9645
1943-5681