Developmental and reproductive toxicity evaluation of toluene vapor in the rat
The developmental toxicity of toluene was evaluated via whole body inhalation exposure, in pregnant Sprague Dawley rats exposed to toluene (99.9% pure) from gestation day (GD) 6–15 inclusive, 6 h/day, at concentrations of 0, 250, 750, 1500 and 3000 ppm (0, 938, 2812, 5625 and 11250 mg/m 3). Doses we...
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Published in | Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) Vol. 23; no. 4; pp. 521 - 531 |
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Main Authors | , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Elsevier Inc
01.06.2007
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | The developmental toxicity of toluene was evaluated via whole body inhalation exposure, in pregnant Sprague Dawley rats exposed to toluene (99.9% pure) from gestation day (GD) 6–15 inclusive, 6
h/day, at concentrations of 0, 250, 750, 1500 and 3000
ppm (0, 938, 2812, 5625 and 11250
mg/m
3). Doses were selected from a preliminary study performed over a range of concentrations from 0 to 5000
ppm, in which maternal and fetal toxicity were observed at 2000
ppm and above. This study has been cited in various regulatory documents and is presented here to allow greater accessibility to results and conclusions.
Toluene induced clinical signs in pregnant dams (ataxia, hyper-responsivity, increased water intake, decreased food consumption) at 3000
ppm, ataxia and hyper-responsivity at 1500
ppm, and reduced maternal body weight gain at 1500 during the exposure period only and at 3000
ppm from initiation of exposure to GD20. At Caesarean section on GD20, no adverse effects on implantation, number and viability of fetuses, or fetal sex distribution were observed. Litter weight and mean fetal weight was reduced at 3000
ppm and mean fetal weight was reduced at 1500
ppm. Instances of reduced or unossified skeletal elements occurred at the same dose levels. Mean fetal weight was also reduced at 250
ppm but not at 750
ppm. Extensive statistical analysis of fetal body weight data support the conclusion that there is no toxicologically significant dose-related effect on fetal body weight at or below 750
ppm. Low incidences (≤2.5%) of various malformations occurred in the 250, 1500, and 3000
ppm groups; there was no increase in the incidence of specific or total malformations with increased exposure and thus these were not attributed to toluene.
In this Toluene study, the maternal toxicity NOAEL was 750
ppm with a defined maternal and developmental toxicity LOAEL of 1500
ppm. |
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Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
ISSN: | 0890-6238 1873-1708 |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.01.009 |