Human eosinophils regulate T-cell functions through induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase

• Published in: Journal of allergy and clinical immunology Vol. 113; no. 2; p. S172
• Main Authors: Odemuyiwa, S.O., Ghahary, A.G., Puttagunta, L., Li, Y., Ghahary, A., Moqbel, R.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: St. Louis Mosby, Inc 01.02.2004; Elsevier Limited
• ISSN: 0091-6749; 1097-6825
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.01.055

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), a rate-limiting enzyme in tryptophan catabolism, is inducible by IFNγ, resulting in kynurenine production, which inhibits proliferation and induce apoptosis of Th1 cells; an important mechanism of inhibition of T-cell function by regulatory dendritic cells. Eosinophils increase during allergen challenge and may interact with T-cells. We hypothesize that the eosinophil-derived IDO plays an immunomodulatory role in the maintenance of Th1-Th2 polarization in allergy. Eosinophils purified from atopic and non-atopic donors were probed for IDO expression by RT-PCR and Western blotting. KYN was measured to determine IDO enzymatic activity. Peripheral blood lymphocyte apoptosis was measured by annexin V following culture with PHA or IFNγ-treated eosinophils. We investigated IDO expression in lung tissue of allergic patients, and in tissues from a mouse model of allergic inflammation, by immunohistochemistry. IFNγ-treated eosinophils expressed IDO mRNA and protein, and produced KYN. IL-3, IL-5 and GM-CSF had no effect separately but potentiated IDO induction by IFNγ-treated eosinophils. Eosinophils from atopic but not normal donors, expressed IDO constitutively. Lymphocytes cocultured with IDO-expressing eosinophils underwent apoptosis, which was blocked by the IDO inhibitor, 1-methyl-tryptophan. PHA-induced lymphocyte proliferation was inhibited by eosinophil-derived IDO. We observed extensive infiltration by IDO-expressing eosinophils in lymphoid aggregates from atopic subjects. Additionally, eosinophils were the main IDO-expressing cells found in the lung of OVA-sensitized mouse model of allergic inflammation. Eosinophils may regulate T-cell function, in vivo, through IDO induction and thus contribute directly to the maintenance of Th1-Th2 polarization seen in asthma.