Chemistry and bioactivity of Gardenia jasminoides

• Published in: Yàowu shi͡p︡in fenxi Vol. 25; no. 1; pp. 43 - 61
• Main Authors: Xiao, Wenping, Li, Shiming, Wang, Siyu, Ho, Chi-Tang
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: China (Republic : 1949- ) Elsevier B.V 01.01.2017; Food and Drug Administration; Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
• Subjects: Acids; antioxidant activity; Antioxidants; Biological activity; Biological properties; Carotenoids; China; Chromatography; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; crocin; drugs; Ethanol; Fruit; functional foods; Functional foods & nutraceuticals; Gardenia; Gardenia jasminoides; Gardens & gardening; Genipin; geniposide; glycemic effect; Herbal medicine; inflammation; Insulin resistance; iridiod; Liver; medicinal properties; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Molecular chains; Oils & fats; Organic chemistry; Oriental traditional medicine; phytopharmaceuticals; Plant Extracts; Review; structure-activity relationships; Traditional Chinese medicine; Ultrasonic imaging; Volatiles; China; crocin; Gardenia jasminoides; geniposide; genipin; iridiod
• ISSN: 1021-9498; 2224-6614
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.11.005

Gardenia jasminoides, grown in multiple regions in China, was commonly used as a natural yellow dye but has been one of the popular traditional Chinese medicines since the discovery of its biological property a few decades ago. It has been reported that G. jasminoides possess multiple biological activities, such as antioxidant properties, hypoglycemic effect, inhibition of inflammation, antidepression activity, and improved sleeping quality. In this review, our aim was to have a comprehensive summary of its phytochemistry including the extraction, isolation, and characterization of volatiles and bioactive molecules in G. jasminoides, focusing on the two major phytochemicals, genipin and crocin, which possess potent medicinal properties. Furthermore, this study attempted to establish a structure–activity relationship between the two major series of molecules with two pharmcophores and their biological activities, which would serve further exploration of the properties of phytocompounds in G. jasminoides as potential functional foods and medicines. [Display omitted] •Complete list of phytochemicals in Gardenia jasminoides.•Thorough review of isolation methods of compounds in G. jasminoides.•Comprehensive review of biological property of G. jasminoides compounds.•Major review of genipin, geniposide, gardenoside, and crocin in their chemistry and biology.