Beyond the floor effect on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - 4th Ed. (WISC-IV): calculating IQ and Indexes of subjects presenting a floored pattern of results

• Published in: Journal of intellectual disability research Vol. 59; no. 5; pp. 468 - 473
• Main Authors: Orsini, A., Pezzuti, L., Hulbert, S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.05.2015; Wiley-Blackwell; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: Adolescent; Child; Children with disabilities; Developmental disabilities; Evaluation Methods; Female; floor effect; Foreign Countries; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Intellectual Disability - diagnosis; intelligence; Intelligence - physiology; Intelligence Quotient; Intelligence tests; Italy; lower IQ; Male; Psychometrics - methods; Raw Scores; Scores; Severe Intellectual Disability; Severe Mental Retardation; Test Bias; Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children; Wechsler Scales - statistics & numerical data; Weighted Scores; WISC-IV; Italy; WISC-IV; lower IQ; floor effect; intellectual disability; intelligence
• ISSN: 0964-2633; 1365-2788; 1365-2788
• DOI: 10.1111/jir.12150

Background It is now widely known that children with severe intellectual disability show a ‘floor effect’ on the Wechsler scales. This effect emerges because the practice of transforming raw scores into scaled scores eliminates any variability present in participants with low intellectual ability and because intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are limited insofar as they do not measure scores lower than 40. Method Following Hessl et al.'s results, the present authors propose a method for the computation of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – 4th Ed. (WISC‐IV)'s IQ and Indexes in intellectually disabled participants affected by a floored pattern of results. The Italian standardization sample (n = 2200) for the WISC‐IV was used. The method presented in this study highlights the limits of the ‘floor effect’ of the WISC‐IV in children with serious intellectual disability who present a profile with weighted scores of 1 in all the subtests despite some variability in the raw scores. Results Such method eliminates the floor effect of the scale and therefore makes it possible to analyse the strengths and weaknesses of the WISC‐IV's Indexes in these participants. Conclusions The Authors reflect on clinical utility of this method and on the meaning of raw score of 0 on subtest.