Clinical tests for the evaluation of postural instability in patients with parkinson’s disease

• Published in: Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation Vol. 84; no. 11; pp. 1669 - 1674
• Main Authors: Visser, Martine, Marinus, Johan, Bloem, Bastiaan R, Kisjes, Hannah, van den Berg, Barbara M, van Hilten, Jacobus J
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY Elsevier Inc 01.11.2003; Elsevier
• Subjects: Accidental Falls - statistics & numerical data; Aged; Balance; Biological and medical sciences; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Degenerative and inherited degenerative diseases of the nervous system. Leukodystrophies. Prion diseases; Diseases of the osteoarticular system; Female; Humans; Male; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Nervous system (semeiology, syndromes); Nervous system as a whole; Neurology; Outcome assessment (health care); Parkinson disease; Parkinson Disease - classification; Parkinson Disease - physiopathology; Parkinson Disease - rehabilitation; Postural Balance; Posture; Rehabilitation; Reliability and validity; Reproducibility of Results; Traumas. Diseases due to physical agents; Parkinson disease; Rehabilitation; Reliability and validity; Balance; Outcome assessment (health care); Human; Clinical test; Evaluation; Nervous system diseases; Prognosis; Health; Traumatology; Equilibrium; Care; Cerebral disorder; Validity; Reeducation; Orthopedics; Central nervous system disease; Evolution; Instability; Degenerative disease; Reliability; Extrapyramidal syndrome
• ISSN: 0003-9993; 1532-821X
• DOI: 10.1053/S0003-9993(03)00348-4

Visser M, Marinus J, Bloem BR, Kisjes H, van den Berg BM, van Hilten JJ. Clinical tests for the evaluation of postural instability in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2003;84:1669–74. To determine which test for postural instability in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is reliable, valid, and easy to perform in a clinical setting. Cross-sectional reliability and validity study. Academic center for movement disorders. Forty-two patients with PD and 15 controls. Based on the results of a structured interview, the patients were divided in PD-unstable (n=22) and PD-stable (n=20) groups. Not applicable. Several variants of the retropulsion test with differences in execution and scoring. Responses were scored on 5 different rating scales (ratings of Nutt, Bloem, Pastor; the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale [UPDRS]; the Short Parkinson Evaluation Scale). These tests were compared with steady-stance positions. The interrater reliability was high for most ratings, with weighted κ ranging from .63 for the UPDRS to .98 for both the Pastor rating and steady-stance positions. Most ratings distinguished between the groups. However, the Nutt rating had the highest overall predictive accuracy, with a sensitivity of .63 and a specificity of .88. The most valid test for postural stability in PD was an unexpected shoulder pull, executed once, with taking more than 2 steps backward considered abnormal. This retropulsion test is easy to use in a clinical setting.