Different Types of Antiphospholipid Antibodies in AIDS: A Comparison with Syphilis and the Antiphospholipid Syndrome

• Published in: Thrombosis research Vol. 96; no. 1; pp. 19 - 25
• Main Authors: de Larrañaga, Gabriela F., Forastiero, Ricardo R., Carreras, Luis O., Alonso, Beatriz S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY Elsevier Ltd 01.10.1999; Elsevier Science
• Subjects: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - blood; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - immunology; AIDS/HIV; Anti-β 2 glycoprotein I antibodies; Antibodies - blood; Antibodies, Antiphospholipid - blood; Anticardiolipin antibodies; Antiphospholipid antibodies; Antiphospholipid Syndrome - blood; Antiphospholipid Syndrome - immunology; Antiprothrombin antibodies; beta 2-Glycoprotein I; Biological and medical sciences; Cardiolipins - immunology; Glycoproteins - immunology; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human viral diseases; Humans; Infectious diseases; Lupus anticoagulant; Medical sciences; Prothrombin - immunology; Syphilis; Syphilis - blood; Syphilis - immunology; Viral diseases; Viral diseases of the lymphoid tissue and the blood. Aids; LA, lupus anticoagulant; PT, prothrombin; GPL, standard units for IgG, MPL, standard units for IgM; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome; aPL, antiphospholipid antibodies; Syphilis; aPT, antiprothrombin antibodies; APS, antiphospholipid syndrome; Lupus anticoagulant; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; IgM, immunoglobulin M; BSA, bovine serum albumin; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; PBS, phosphate buffered saline; OD, optical density; Antiphospholipid antibodies; aCL, anticardiolipin antibodies; IgG, immunoglobulin G; Anticardiolipin antibodies; ABS, adult bovine serum; Anti-β 2 glycoprotein I antibodies; β 2GPI, β 2 glycoprotein I; Human immunodeficiency virus; Antiprothrombin antibodies; aβ 2GPI, anti-β 2 glycoprotein I antibodies; Human; Immunopathology; Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome; Autoantibody; Phospholipid; Cardiovascular disease; Autoimmune disease; AIDS; Hemopathy; Immune deficiency; Treponematosis; Infection; Vascular disease; Platelet; Sexually transmitted disease; Viral disease; Bacteriosis; ELISA assay; Comparative study; Spirachaetosis
• ISSN: 0049-3848; 1879-2472
• DOI: 10.1016/S0049-3848(99)00059-6

Alloimmune antiphospholipid antibodies react with phospholipids and are an epiphenomenon of an infectious disease. Most autoimmune antiphospholipid antibodies recognise phospholipid-protein complexes or proteins, such as β 2 glycoprotein I or prothrombin and are related to the clinical features of the antiphospholipid syndrome. Lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin antibodies, antiprothrombin, and anti-β 2 glycoprotein I antibodies were studied in 61 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients, 55 syphilis patients, and 45 selected patients with antiphospholipid syndrome. Lupus anticoagulant was present in 72% of HIV and 81% of antiphospholipid syndrome patients. None of the syphilis patients had lupus anticoagulant. Anticardiolipin antibodies were found at comparable prevalence in the three groups (HIV 67%, syphilis 67%, antiphospholipid syndrome 84%). HIV had more frequently anti-β 2 glycoprotein I (13%) and anti-prothrombin (12%) antibodies than syphilis (0 and 4%, respectively), but significantly less than antiphospholipid syndrome (61 and 40%, respectively). Autoimmune antiphospholipid antibodies in HIV without clinical features of antiphospholipid syndrome might be a reflex of the immunological chaos and/or the constant antigenic virus stimulus.