Americanization, Assimilation, and Adult Education in the Gila River Incarceration Camp, 1942-1945

On December 7th and 8th, 1941, President Roosevelt issued three proclamations stating that any natives, citizens, or subjects of Japan in the United States would be liable to possible arrest, detention, or removal from the United States (Roosevelt 1941). Roosevelt followed the enemy alien proclamati...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inAmerican educational history journal Vol. 50; no. 1-2; pp. 225 - 245
Main Authors Kilgore, Emily M, Bohan, Chara Haeussler
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Charlotte IAP - Information Age Publishing, Inc 2023
Information Age Publishing, Inc
Information Age Publishing
Subjects
Acculturation
Adult Education
Adults
Archives & records
Armed forces
Executive orders
Gossip
Historical analysis
Imprisonment
Institutionalized Persons
Japanese Americans
Japanese culture
Native North Americans
Outcomes of Education
Program Implementation
Racism
Research Methodology
Roosevelt, Eleanor
Social aspects
Stranger Reactions
United States History
War
World History
World War II
United Kingdom
Japan
Arizona
Gila River
Pearl Harbor
United States > US
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Summary:On December 7th and 8th, 1941, President Roosevelt issued three proclamations stating that any natives, citizens, or subjects of Japan in the United States would be liable to possible arrest, detention, or removal from the United States (Roosevelt 1941). Roosevelt followed the enemy alien proclamations with Executive Order 9066, authorizing the military to relocate any Japanese, German, or Italian enemy aliens away from areas of military importance (Roosevelt 1942). Under the auspices of Roosevelt's executive order, relocation and interment plans were developed and implemented. The purpose of this research is to explore the development and impact of the Adult Education program at the Gila River incarceration camp in Arizona for Japanese Americans that operated from 1942 through 1945 under the authority of the War Relocation Authority (WRA). This article particularly examines the Adult Education program, where popular offerings included courses in Americanization, Vocational Education, and English as a Second Language (ESL).
ISSN:1535-0584