Contributo da formação musical no desempenho académico e cognitivo de crianças e adolescentes

• Published in: Revista portuguesa de educação Vol. 33; no. 2; pp. 116 - 135
• Main Authors: Azevedo, Susana, Rato, Joana, Caldas, Alexandre Castro
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: Portuguese
• Published: Instituto de Educação - Universidade do Minho 30.12.2020; Universidade do Minho
• Subjects: Artigos; Competências matemáticas; Desempenho académico; Desenvolvimento cognitivo; Formação musical
• ISSN: 0871-9187; 2183-0452
• DOI: 10.21814/rpe.18506

Esta revisão sistemática teve como objetivo analisar a literatura recente acerca da influência que o estudo da música pode exercer no desempenho académico em geral e na matemática; nas funções cognitivas; e na plasticidade cerebral. A revisão inclui estudos publicados entre 2007 e 2017, nas bases de dados PubMed e Complementary Index, Academic Search Complete, Education Source, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection e Science Direct, utilizando o descritor musical training, combinado com descritores ligados ao desempenho académico em geral e na matemática, academic achievement, mathematics e academic development, e desenvolvimento cognitivo, brain development e cognitive development. Os estudos foram selecionados de acordo com os seguintes critérios: estudos (i) publicados em jornais científicos revistos por pares, (ii) com crianças e adolescentes até aos 18 anos; (iii) que incluíram o treino musical nas suas componentes teórica e/ou instrumental. A relação entre a formação musical e o desempenho académico em geral e a matemática mostrou-se inconsistente, não existindo consenso na literatura acerca dos benefícios da primeira sobre a segunda. Foram encontrados benefícios cognitivos e evidências para a plasticidade cerebral estrutural, induzida pelo treino musical na primeira infância, tendo em consideração as diferenças encontradas no volume de massa cinzenta. This systematic review aimed to analyze the recent literature on the influence that the study of music can exert on academic performance in general and on mathematics; in cognitive functions; and brain plasticity. The review includes studies published between 2007 and 2017 in the PubMed and Complementary Index databases, Academic Search Complete, Education Source, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection and Science Direct, using the descriptor musical training, combined with descriptors linked to academic performance in general and in mathematics, academic achievement, mathematics and academic development, and cognitive development, brain development and cognitive development. The studies were selected according to the following criteria: studies (i) published in peer-reviewed scientific journals, (ii) with children and adolescents up to 18 years of age; (iii) which included musical training in its theoretical and / or instrumental components. The relationship between musical education and academic performance in general and mathematics was inconsistent, and there was no consensus in the literature about the benefits of the former over the latter. Cognitive benefits and evidence for structural brain plasticity induced by early childhood music training were found, taking into account differences in gray matter volume. Cette revue systématique visait à analyser la littérature récente sur l’influence que l’étude de la musique peut exercer sur les performances académiques en général et sur les mathématiques; dans les fonctions cognitives; et la plasticité cérébrale. La revue comprend des études publiées entre 2007 et 2017 dans les bases de données PubMed et Complementary Index databases, Academic Search Complete, Education Source, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection et Science Direct, en utilisant le descripteur de musical training, associé à des descripteurs liés aux performances académiques en général. et en mathématiques, academic achievement, mathematics et academic development, et développement cognitif, brain development et cognitive development. Les études ont été sélectionnées selon les critères suivants: études (i) publiées dans des revues scientifiques évalué par les pairs, (ii) avec des enfants et des adolescents de moins de 18 ans; (iii) qui comprenait une formation musicale dans ses composantes théoriques et / ou instrumentales. La relation entre l'éducation musicale et les performances académiques en général et les mathématiques était incohérente, et il n'y avait pas de consensus dans la littérature sur les avantages des premiers par rapport aux seconds. Des avantages cognitifs et des preuves de la plasticité structurelle du cerveau induite par la formation musicale au cours de la petite enfance ont été découverts, en tenant compte des différences de volume de matière grise.