Response surface methodology mediated optimization of phytosulfokine and plant growth regulators for enhanced protoplast division, callus induction, and somatic embryogenesis in Angelica Gigas Nakai

• Published in: BMC plant biology Vol. 24; no. 1; pp. 527 - 14
• Main Authors: Lee, Han-Sol, Han, Jong-Eun, Bae, Eun-Kyung, Jie, Eun Yee, Kim, Suk Weon, Kwon, Hyuk Joon, Lee, Hak Sung, Yeon, Soo-Ho, Murthy, Hosakatte Niranjana, Park, So-Young
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 11.06.2024; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: 2,4-D; Agricultural chemicals; Agricultural research; Alginates; Alginic acid; Angelica (Plant); Angelica - embryology; Angelica gigas; Callus; Cell culture; Cell division; Cell Division - drug effects; Coumarins; CRISPR; Cytokinins; Diabetes mellitus; Embedding; Embryo cells; Embryonic development; Embryonic growth stage; Embryonic stem cells; Embryos; Flowers & plants; Genetic improvement; Growth; Growth regulators; Herbal medicine; Immunomodulation; Inflammation; Kinetin; Medicinal plants; Metabolites; Methods; Neuroprotection; Optimization; Oxidants; Oxidizing agents; Physiological aspects; Physiology; Phytosulfokine; Plant growth; Plant Growth Regulators - pharmacology; Plant proteins; Plant Somatic Embryogenesis Techniques - methods; Platelet aggregation; Polyamines; Protoplast culture; Protoplasts; Protoplasts - drug effects; Regeneration; Response surface methodology; Semisolids; Somatic embryogenesis; Statistical analysis; Stem cells; Sucrose; Variance analysis; South Korea; Phytosulfokine; Angelica gigas; Response surface methodology; Protoplast culture; Somatic embryogenesis
• ISSN: 1471-2229; 1471-2229
• DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05243-w

Angelica Gigas (Purple parsnip) is an important medicinal plant that is cultivated and utilized in Korea, Japan, and China. It contains bioactive substances especially coumarins with anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet aggregation, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, anti-obesity, anti-oxidant, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective properties. This medicinal crop can be genetically improved, and the metabolites can be obtained by embryonic stem cells. In this context, we established the protoplast-to-plant regeneration methodology in Angelica gigas. In the present investigation, we isolated the protoplast from the embryogenic callus by applying methods that we have developed earlier and established protoplast cultures using Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium and by embedding the protoplast in thin alginate layer (TAL) methods. We supplemented the culture medium with growth regulators namely 2,4-dichlorophenoxyaceticacid (2,4-D, 0, 0.75, 1.5 mg L ), kinetin (KN, 0, 0.5, and 1.0 mg L ) and phytosulfokine (PSK, 0, 50, 100 nM) to induce protoplast division, microcolony formation, and embryogenic callus regeneration. We applied central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM) for the optimization of 2,4-D, KN, and PSK levels during protoplast division, micro-callus formation, and induction of embryogenic callus stages. The results revealed that 0.04 mg L 2,4-D + 0.5 mg L KN + 2 nM PSK, 0.5 mg L 2,4-D + 0.9 mg L KN and 90 nM PSK, and 1.5 mg L 2,4-D and 1 mg L KN were optimum for protoplast division, micro-callus formation and induction embryogenic callus. MS basal semi-solid medium without growth regulators was good for the development of embryos and plant regeneration. This study demonstrated successful protoplast culture, protoplast division, micro-callus formation, induction embryogenic callus, somatic embryogenesis, and plant regeneration in A. gigas. The methodologies developed here are quite useful for the genetic improvement of this important medicinal plant.