Effects of DASH diet with or without time-restricted eating in the management of stage 1 primary hypertension: a randomized controlled trial

• Published in: Nutrition journal Vol. 23; no. 1; pp. 65 - 14
• Main Authors: Zhou, Xiaoxin, Lin, Xiaoqian, Yu, Jing, Yang, Yi, Muzammel, Hira, Amissi, Said, Schini-Kerth, Valérie B, Lei, Xun, Jose, Pedro A, Yang, Jian, Shi, Dan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 17.06.2024; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Adult; Analysis; Blood Pressure; Diet therapy; Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension - methods; Fasting; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Hypertension - diet therapy; Hypertension - therapy; Male; Medical research; Medicine, Experimental; Middle Aged; Physiological aspects; Primary hypertension; Risk factors; Testing; Time-restricted eating; Treatment Outcome; Type 2 diabetes; Urinary Na+ excretion; China; Urinary Na+ excretion; Time-restricted eating; Primary hypertension; Blood pressure
• ISSN: 1475-2891; 1475-2891
• DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00967-9

Time-restricted eating (TRE), a popular form of intermittent fasting, has shown benefits for improving metabolic diseases and cardiometabolic health. However, the effect of TRE in the regulation of blood pressure in primary hypertension remains unclear. A 6-week randomized controlled trial was conducted, in which a total of 74 stage 1 primary hypertensive patients without high-risk were randomly assigned to Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) group (n = 37) or DASH + TRE group (n = 37). Participants in the DASH + TRE group were instructed to consume their food within an 8-h window. Scientific research platform in We Chat application was used to track participants. The primary outcome was blood pressure. The secondary outcomes included body composition, cardiometabolic risk factors, inflammation-related parameters, urinary Na excretion, other clinical variables and safety outcomes. The reduction of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were 5.595 ± 4.072 and 5.351 ± 5.643 mm Hg in the DASH group and 8.459 ± 4.260 and 9.459 ± 4.375 mm Hg in the DASH + TRE group. DASH + TRE group improved blood pressure diurnal rhythm. Subjects in DASH + TRE group had decreased extracellular water and increased urinary Na excretion. Furthermore, the decrease in blood pressure was associated with a reduction of extracellular water or increase in urinary Na excretion. In addition, safety outcomes such as nighttime hunger were also reported. Our study demonstrated that 8-h TRE + DASH diet caused a greater decrease in blood pressure in stage 1 primary hypertensive patients than DASH diet. This study may provide novel insights into the benefits of lifestyle modification in the treatment of primary hypertension. https://www.chictr.org.cn/ (ChiCTR2300069393, registered on March 15, 2023).