Baseline Gut Microbiota Was Associated with Long-Term Immune Response at One Year Following Three Doses of BNT162b2
This study explored neutralizing IgG antibody levels against COVID-19 decline over time post-vaccination. We conducted this prospective cohort study to investigate the function of gut microbiota in the host immune response following three doses of BNT162b2. Subjects who received three doses of BNT16...
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Published in | Vaccines (Basel) Vol. 12; no. 8; p. 916 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Switzerland
MDPI AG
14.08.2024
MDPI |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | This study explored neutralizing IgG antibody levels against COVID-19 decline over time post-vaccination. We conducted this prospective cohort study to investigate the function of gut microbiota in the host immune response following three doses of BNT162b2.
Subjects who received three doses of BNT162b2 were recruited from three centers in Hong Kong. Blood samples were obtained before the first dose and at the one-year timepoint for IgG ELISA to determine the level of neutralizing antibody (NAb). The primary outcome was a high immune response (NAb > 600 AU/mL). We performed shotgun DNA metagenomic sequencing on baseline fecal samples to identify bacterial species and metabolic pathways associated with high immune response using linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis.
A total of 125 subjects were recruited (median age: 52 years [IQR: 46.2-59.0]; male: 43 [34.4%]), and 20 were regarded as low responders at the one-year timepoint.
(log
LDA score = 2.38,
= 0.003; relative abundance of 2.97 × 10
vs. 0.03%,
= 0.001),
(log
LDA score = 4.29,
= 0.024; relative abundance of 0.14% vs. 2.40%,
= 0.014) and
(log
LDA score = 2.15,
= 0.022; relative abundance of 0.01% vs. 0,
= 0.010) were enriched in low responders.
(log
LDA score = 2.99,
= 0.048; relative abundance of 0.09% vs. 0.36%,
= 0.049) and
(log
LDA score = 2.38,
= 0.014; relative abundance of 1.2 × 10
% vs. 0,
= 0.044) were enriched in high responders.
was negatively correlated with the superpathway of pyrimidine ribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis (log
LDA score = 2.63), which contributes to inflammation and antibody production.
was positively correlated with pathways related to anti-inflammatory processes, including the superpathway of histidine, purine, and pyrimidine biosynthesis (log
LDA score = 2.14).
Among three-dose BNT162b2 recipients,
,
and
were associated with poorer immunogenicity at one year, while
and
was associated with a better response. |
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Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
ISSN: | 2076-393X 2076-393X |
DOI: | 10.3390/vaccines12080916 |