Baseline Gut Microbiota Was Associated with Long-Term Immune Response at One Year Following Three Doses of BNT162b2

This study explored neutralizing IgG antibody levels against COVID-19 decline over time post-vaccination. We conducted this prospective cohort study to investigate the function of gut microbiota in the host immune response following three doses of BNT162b2. Subjects who received three doses of BNT16...

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Published inVaccines (Basel) Vol. 12; no. 8; p. 916
Main Authors Zhang, Li-Na, Tan, Jing-Tong, Ng, Ho-Yu, Liao, Yun-Shi, Zhang, Rui-Qi, Chan, Kwok-Hung, Hung, Ivan Fan-Ngai, Lam, Tommy Tsan-Yuk, Cheung, Ka-Shing
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 14.08.2024
MDPI
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Summary:This study explored neutralizing IgG antibody levels against COVID-19 decline over time post-vaccination. We conducted this prospective cohort study to investigate the function of gut microbiota in the host immune response following three doses of BNT162b2. Subjects who received three doses of BNT162b2 were recruited from three centers in Hong Kong. Blood samples were obtained before the first dose and at the one-year timepoint for IgG ELISA to determine the level of neutralizing antibody (NAb). The primary outcome was a high immune response (NAb > 600 AU/mL). We performed shotgun DNA metagenomic sequencing on baseline fecal samples to identify bacterial species and metabolic pathways associated with high immune response using linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis. A total of 125 subjects were recruited (median age: 52 years [IQR: 46.2-59.0]; male: 43 [34.4%]), and 20 were regarded as low responders at the one-year timepoint. (log LDA score = 2.38, = 0.003; relative abundance of 2.97 × 10 vs. 0.03%, = 0.001), (log LDA score = 4.29, = 0.024; relative abundance of 0.14% vs. 2.40%, = 0.014) and (log LDA score = 2.15, = 0.022; relative abundance of 0.01% vs. 0, = 0.010) were enriched in low responders. (log LDA score = 2.99, = 0.048; relative abundance of 0.09% vs. 0.36%, = 0.049) and (log LDA score = 2.38, = 0.014; relative abundance of 1.2 × 10 % vs. 0, = 0.044) were enriched in high responders. was negatively correlated with the superpathway of pyrimidine ribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis (log LDA score = 2.63), which contributes to inflammation and antibody production. was positively correlated with pathways related to anti-inflammatory processes, including the superpathway of histidine, purine, and pyrimidine biosynthesis (log LDA score = 2.14). Among three-dose BNT162b2 recipients, , and were associated with poorer immunogenicity at one year, while and was associated with a better response.
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ISSN:2076-393X
2076-393X
DOI:10.3390/vaccines12080916