Nutraceutical Potential of Djulis ( Chenopodium formosanum ) Hull: Phytochemicals, Antioxidant Activity, and Liver Protection

• Published in: Antioxidants Vol. 13; no. 6; p. 721
• Main Authors: Huang, Yu-Chen, Tung, Chun-Liang, Ho, Shang-Tse, Li, Wei-Sung, Li, Shiming, Tung, Yu-Tang, Wu, Jyh-Horng
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 13.06.2024; MDPI
• Subjects: Acids; acute liver injury; antioxidant activity; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Chenopodium formosanum; Chenopodium fromosanum Koidz. (Djulis); Cytokines; Djulis hull; Flavonoids; Functional foods & nutraceuticals; Glutathione peroxidase; Inflammation; Interleukin 4; lipopolysaccharide; Lipopolysaccharides; Liver; NF-κB protein; Oral administration; Oxidative stress; Phenolic compounds; phytochemical; Phytochemicals; Pigments; Plant protection; Plasma levels; Proteins; Sepsis; Signal transduction; TLR4 protein; Toll-like receptors; γ-Interferon; United States > US; Taiwan; Djulis hull; lipopolysaccharide; antioxidant activity; Chenopodium fromosanum Koidz. (Djulis); acute liver injury; phytochemical
• ISSN: 2076-3921; 2076-3921
• DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060721

Djulis ( ), a traditional Taiwanese crop enriched with phenolic compounds and betalain pigments, is associated with various health benefits, including antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects. This study analysed the phytochemical content and antioxidant capacity of extracts from both the hull and kernel of Djulis. The hull extract, which contained higher levels of flavonoids and exhibited superior antioxidant activity compared to the kernel extract, was selected for further in vivo studies. These experiments showed that oral administration of the Djulis hull crude extract significantly mitigated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute liver injury (ALI) in mice by increasing the activity of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reducing plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and enhancing liver levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4). Additionally, the extract demonstrated potential in inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, a critical signalling pathway in inflammation and apoptosis, offering insights into its protective mechanisms. These findings underscore Djulis hull's potential as a functional food ingredient for ALI prevention and propose a valuable application for agricultural by-products.