Azorella compacta Organic Extracts Exacerbate Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

• Published in: Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 17; no. 6; p. 746
• Main Authors: Zúñiga-Hernandez, Jessica, Quiñones San Martin, Matías, Figueroa, Benjamín, Novoa, Ulises, Monsalve, Francisco A, Bacho, Mitchell, San-Martin, Aurelio, González, Daniel R
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 06.06.2024; MDPI
• Subjects: Acids; Azorella compacta; azorellane; Diabetes; Diet; diterpenoids; Gastrointestinal surgery; Herbal medicine; Hyperglycemia; Liver diseases; Metabolic syndrome; Metabolites; mulinane; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; Obesity; Overweight; Weight control; metabolic syndrome; mulinane; azorellane; diterpenoids; Azorella compacta; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
• ISSN: 1424-8247; 1424-8247
• DOI: 10.3390/ph17060746

( ) is a shrub of the Andean Altiplano of Bolivia, Chile and Peru, consumed by local communities as a traditional medicine for several maladies such as diabetes, hepatic and inflammatory diseases. is rich in mulinane- and azorellane-type diterpenoids. For two of these, acute hypoglycemic effects have been described, but the impact of diterpenoids on fatty liver disease has not been investigated. Therefore, organic fractions were prepared using petroleum ether, dichloromethane and methanol. Their content was characterized by UHPLC/MS, revealing the presence of ten diterpenoids, mainly mulinic acid, azorellanol and mulin-11,13-diene. Next, mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD), a model of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), received one of the fractions in drinking water for two weeks. After this treatment, hepatic parameters were evaluated. The fractions did not reduce hyperglycemia or body weight in the HFD-fed mice but increased the serum levels of hepatic transaminases (AST and ALT), reduced albumin and increased bilirubin, indicating hepatic damage, while histopathological alterations such as steatosis, inflammation and necrosis generated by the HFD were, overall, not ameliorated by the fractions. These results suggest that organic extracts may generate hepatic complications in patients with MAFLD.