Nonlinear relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and lipid profile in Chinese adults

• Published in: Frontiers in nutrition (Lausanne) Vol. 11; p. 1388017
• Main Authors: Wang, Qianqian, Miao, Xinlei, Hu, Manling, Xu, Fei, Tang, Guimin, He, Yangxuan, Song, Ziping, Zhao, Wan, Niu, Xiangjun, Leng, Song
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 12.06.2024
• Subjects: 25-hydroxyvitamin D; cholesterol; lipid profile; non-linear; Nutrition; threshold; cholesterol; threshold; 25-hydroxyvitamin D; lipid profile; non-linear
• ISSN: 2296-861X; 2296-861X
• DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1388017

Previous studies on the liner associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and lipid profiles revealed ambiguous findings. The current study therefore tried to elucidate the possible non-linear associations between 25(OH)D and lipid profiles. This study involved 8,516 adult participants (aged 18-74 years, males = 3,750, females = 4,766) recruited from the Dalian health management cohort (DHMC). The risk (OR) for specific dyslipidemias was estimated across the serum 25(OH)D levels and the cut-off value for serum 25(OH)D were determined by using logistic regression, restricted cubic spline, and piecewise linear regression methods, adjusted for age, sex, season, and ultraviolet index. In this study, a high prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency was observed in the participants (65.05%). The level of 25(OH)D showed the inverse U-shaped correlations with the risks (ORs) of abnormal lipid profile, with inflection points observed at 23.7 ng/ml for hypercholesterolemia, 24.3 ng/ml for hypertriglyceridemia, 18.5 ng/ml for hyper-low-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia, 23.3 ng/ml for hypo-high-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia, 23.3 ng/ml for hyper-non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and 24.3 ng/ml for high remnant cholesterol. The stratified analyses showed that the risk for most dyslipidemias related to deficiency of 25(OH)D was particularly increased among females aged 50-74 (except for hypertriglyceridemia, where the highest risk was among men aged 50-74 years), during winter/spring or under low/middle ultraviolet index environments. Nonlinear inverse U-shaped associations were observed between 25(OH)D levels and abnormal lipid profile. The risk was particularly increased among females aged 50-74, during winter/spring period or under lower ultraviolet index environments. In vitamin D deficient subjects [25(OH)D <20 ng/ml], a positive association of serum vitamin D levels with the risk for dyslipidemia was observed, which needs a further.