Inactivated and adjuvanted vaccine for the control of the African horse sickness virus serotype 9 infection: evaluation of efficacy in horses and guinea-pig model

• Published in: Veterinaria italiana Vol. 49; no. 1; pp. 89 - 98
• Main Authors: Lelli, Rossella, Molini, Umberto, Ronchi, Gaetano Federico, Rossi, Emanuela, Franchi, Paola, Ulisse, Simonetta, Armillotta, Gisella, Capista, Sara, Khaiseb, Siegfried, Di Ventura, Mauro, Pini, Attilio
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Italy Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise G. Caporale 01.01.2013
• Subjects: Adjuvants, Immunologic; African horse sickness; African Horse Sickness - prevention & control; African Horse Sickness Virus - classification; African Horse Sickness Virus - immunology; Animals; Antibody response; Challenge; Guinea Pigs; Guinea-pig; Horses; Inactivated vaccine; Models, Animal; Namibia; Serotype 9; Serotyping; Vaccines, Attenuated - therapeutic use; Vaccines, Inactivated - therapeutic use; Viral Vaccines - therapeutic use; Guinea-pig; African horse sickness; Namibia; Inactivated vaccine; Serotype 9; Antibody response; Challenge
• ISSN: 0505-401X; 1828-1427

African horse sickness (AHS) is a non-contagious viral disease of solipeds transmitted by Culicoides. The disease is endemic in most African countries. Past experience has shown that Italy is a country exposed to emerging infectious diseases endemic to Africa; an incursion of AHS virus together with the widespread presence of Culicoides vectors could be the cause of a serious epidemic emergency. A live attenuated vaccine containing seven of the nine viral serotypes, serotype 5 and 9 are excluded, is commercially available from Onderstepoort Biological Products. However, the use of live vaccines is a matter of endless disputes, and therefore inactivated or recombinant alternative products have been investigated over the years. Since research on AHS is hampered by the use of horses to evaluate vaccine potency, in a previous experiment serological response to serotypes 5 and 9 was assayed in guinea-pigs and horses. A durable and comparable serological response was observed in the two animal species. In the present study antibody response in horses and guinea-pigs, immunised with the inactivated-adjuvanted vaccine formulated with serotype 9, was tested over a period of 12 months. When immunity was challenged, horses were protected from infection and disease. Antibody response in horses and guinea-pigs compared favourably.