Nutritional Strategies for Chronic Craniofacial Pain and Temporomandibular Disorders: Current Clinical and Preclinical Insights

• Published in: Nutrients Vol. 16; no. 17; p. 2868
• Main Authors: Piriyaprasath, Kajita, Kakihara, Yoshito, Hasegawa, Mana, Iwamoto, Yuya, Hasegawa, Yoko, Fujii, Noritaka, Yamamura, Kensuke, Okamoto, Keiichiro
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 27.08.2024
• Subjects: Amides; Animals; Back pain; Behavior; Bias; Chronic illnesses; Chronic pain; Chronic Pain - diet therapy; Chronic Pain - therapy; Clinical trials; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Ethanolamines; Facial Pain - diet therapy; Facial Pain - etiology; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - administration & dosage; Fibromyalgia; Functional foods & nutraceuticals; Glucosamine - administration & dosage; Humans; Laboratory animals; nutraceuticals; nutrition; Nutrition research; Oral administration; Palmitic Acids; Rheumatoid arthritis; temporomandibular disorders; Temporomandibular joint disorders; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders - diet therapy; Vitamins - administration & dosage; chronic pain; nutrition; diet; nutraceuticals; temporomandibular disorders
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu16172868

This narrative review provides an overview of current knowledge on the impact of nutritional strategies on chronic craniofacial pain associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Individuals experiencing painful TMDs alter their dietary habits, avoiding certain foods, possibly due to chewing difficulties, which might lead to nutrient deficiencies. Our literature investigation revealed that the causal links between nutritional changes and craniofacial pain remain unclear. However, clinical and preclinical studies suggest that nutraceuticals, including vitamins, minerals, polyphenols, omega-3 fatty acids, isoprenoids, carotenoids, lectins, polysaccharides, glucosamines, and palmitoylethanolamides, could have beneficial effects on managing TMDs. This is described in 12 clinical and 38 preclinical articles since 2000. Clinical articles discussed the roles of vitamins, minerals, glucosamine, and palmitoylethanolamides. The other nutraceuticals were assessed solely in preclinical studies, using TMD models, mostly craniofacial inflammatory rodents, with 36 of the 38 articles published since 2013. Our investigation indicates that current evidence is insufficient to assess the efficacy of these nutraceuticals. However, the existing data suggest potential for therapeutic intervention in TMDs. Further support from longitudinal and randomized controlled studies and well-designed preclinical investigations is necessary to evaluate the efficacy of each nutraceutical intervention and understand their underlying mechanisms in TMDs.