Do Climate Conditions Affect the Quality of the Apiaceae Fruits’ Essential Oils?

• Published in: Horticulturae Vol. 10; no. 6; p. 577
• Main Authors: Lončar, Biljana, Pezo, Lato, Pezo, Milada, Jovanović, Aca, Šuput, Danijela, Radosavljević, Miloš, Aćimović, Milica
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.06.2024
• Subjects: Analysis; aniseed; Antioxidants; Apiaceae; caraway; Climate; Climatic conditions; Cluster analysis; Clustering; Composition; coriander; Coriandrum sativum; Correlation analysis; Cultivation; Essential oils; Field tests; Fruit; Fruit cultivation; Fruits; Functional foods & nutraceuticals; Gas chromatography; Geographical distribution; Geographical locations; Mass spectrometry; Medical research; Odors; Oils & fats; Petroleum industry; Pharmaceutical industry; Precipitation; Principal components analysis; Seeds; Spectrometry; Statistical analysis; Temperature; Variance analysis; Vegetation; Volatile compounds; Weather; Serbia
• ISSN: 2311-7524; 2311-7524
• DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10060577

This study investigated the impact of climate conditions on the quality of essential oils extracted from Apiaceae fruits, specifically coriander (Coriandrum sativum var. microcarpum), aniseed (Pimpinella anisum), and annual caraway (Carum carvi var. annuum) grown at three distinct locations in Serbia over three consecutive years. Field experiments were conducted, and essential oils were extracted using a Clevenger-type apparatus followed by gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric analysis for compound identification. Weather conditions during the vegetation periods were recorded, and statistical analyses, including principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis, were performed to assess the volatile compound compositions. Results indicate significant correlations among various compounds within each fruit type, with distinct patterns observed across different years. PCA further elucidates the influence of both year and sampling location on the chemical profiles of essential oils. Cluster analysis reveals clustering primarily based on the year of cultivation rather than geographical location, emphasizing the dominant role of weather conditions in shaping essential oil compositions. This study highlights the intricate relationship between climate conditions and the quality of essential oils in Apiaceae fruits, providing valuable insights for optimizing cultivation practices and enhancing essential oil production. In general, climate conditions strongly influence the coriander, anise, and annual caraway cultivation, and also essential oil quality.