Estimation of Processing Times and Economic Feasibility of Producing Moringa oleifera Lam. Capsules in Mexico

• Published in: Applied sciences Vol. 14; no. 16; p. 7225
• Main Authors: Delfín-Portela, Elizabeth, Meléndez-Armenta, Roberto Ángel, Gurruchaga-Rodríguez, María Eloísa, Baez-Senties, Oscar, Heredia-Roldan, Miguel Josué, Carrión-Delgado, Juan Manuel, Betanzo-Torres, Erick Arturo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.08.2024
• Subjects: Agricultural production; Agriculture; Book publishing; Case studies; Control equipment industry; Customer services; Dietary supplements; Economic aspects; Efficiency; Engineering; Farms; food processing; food supplements; Leaves; Livestock; Manufacturing; modeling in agriculture; Monte Carlo simulation; Plantations; Productivity; Publishing industry; Raw materials; simulation; Software; Synthetic training devices; value-added agriculture; Zero Hunger; United States; Mexico
• ISSN: 2076-3417; 2076-3417
• DOI: 10.3390/app14167225

The simulation of processes in the agricultural sector is necessary; this work studied a real production system. The results contributed to improving productivity in the processing of Moringa oleifera capsules, addressing an area of knowledge with limited research. This model can be used by new companies intending to invest in this area of agricultural products for human consumption. The results indicated that production is feasible at a commercial level. The production of Moringa oleifera capsules has emerged as a promising agricultural activity in Mexico, driven by the plant’s well-documented health and nutritional benefits. In response, farmers have begun producing Moringa oleifera as a dietary supplement, using artisanal methods with minimal production controls. This study aimed to estimate the processing times of the Moringa oleifera production system using simulation modeling with Arena[sup.®] software and to evaluate the economic feasibility of capsule production. Methodologically, it was approached as a case study in the state of Veracruz, and processing times were estimated through systematic sampling and modeled with Arena simulation software. Three simulation scenarios were considered to select a technically and economically viable alternative for agricultural producers, as follows: one with a 200-capsule encapsulator (1E200C), another with two 200-capsule encapsulators (2E200C), and a third with an 800-capsule encapsulator (1E800C). For the initial diagnosis, a research stay was conducted for 180 days, and the production capacity was set at 24,000 capsules due to raw material limitations. Results indicated that the 1E800C scenario reduced processing time by 60% compared to the 1E200C scenario and by 35% compared to the 2E200C scenario. Additionally, the 1E800C model required only Arena simulation software version 162 days (16 h) of work, while the 2E200C required 4 days (32 h) and the 1E200C required 7 days (56 h). In terms of production costs per unit of 90 capsules, the 1E200C was USD 3.93, the 2E200C was USD 3.64, and the 1E800C was USD 3.45. This study concluded that due to raw material limitations, the company can produce 12,800 units of 90 capsules per year. It is recommended to adopt the 1E800C encapsulator, which would lower the overall production costs by 12.23%, representing USD 0.48 per unit produced and resulting in an additional profit of USD 6150.50. Over a five-year evaluation period, the benefit–cost ratio was 5.03, the NPV was 922,370.11, and the IRR was 42.09%, indicating that this type of agribusiness in Mexico is both technically and economically feasible.