Novel bone graft substitutes in bone tissue engineering

• Published in: Nanomedicine journal Vol. 12; no. 3; pp. 354 - 369
• Main Authors: Seyedeh Mona Haghi, Mona Gharavian, Emad Azimi, Kiarash Nazari Tavalaei, Shirin Hamed Akbari Toosi, Marzieh Mohammadi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Mashhad University of Medical Sciences 01.06.2025
• Subjects: biomaterials; bone tissue engineering; hydrogels; scaffold
• ISSN: 2322-3049; 2322-5904
• DOI: 10.22038/nmj.2024.79207.1949

Objective(s): Globally, the prevalence of bone illnesses and diseases has been significantly rising. Bone tissue engineering (BTE), which can be produced continuously and doesn’t transmit disease, has been suggested as a possible alternative to the traditional use of bone grafts. However, a number of limitations or challenges have prevented the further development of BTE techniques for clinical application. In order to promote bone regeneration, BTE uses a synergistic combination of biomaterials, cells and therapeutic components. Tissue engineering and bone tissue engineering (BTE) are rapidly expanding fields with increasing clinical applications. However, there are still challenges and limitations that need to be addressed, including incomplete knowledge of the biomaterials and their interactions with cells. With this in mind, we focused on the most recent researches to find what new strategies are being used to overcome obstacles in bone tissue engineering and which ones have the most potentials based on their results for future investigations.Materials and Methods: To gather information for this article, we conducted a thorough search using PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science search engines. We used relevant keywords such as Bone tissue engineering, scaffolds, bioactive glass-ceramic, and hydrogel. From the initial search results, we selected 92 of the most recent and relevant articles based on their creativity in methods, novelty, and relevance to the subject.Results: Biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, osteogenicity and osteointegration are the main important properties of the bone mimetic scaffold platforms used in bone tissue engineering. Development of scaffolds with sufficient mechanical properties, porous structure, appropriate surface topography is a challenging process. In this regard, a combination of various types of biomaterials such as bioactive glass-ceramic, different biodegradable polymers and even stem cells/ autologous cells are required. Conclusion: Even though many BTE procedures have been numbered, only a few of them have so far been given clinical approval. The majority of these methods use a single component and fill deficiencies with cells, substances or materials. In order for BTE to become a widely used clinical reality, it must combine the most recent technologies that make use of all the required components.