Thyroid Disorder and Association of Insulin Antibodies with Thyroid Antibodies in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

• Published in: Pakistan journal of medical research Vol. 62; no. 1; p. 3
• Main Authors: Muniba Jalil, Mohsina Noor Ibrahim, Sajid, Ali, Saleem, Sidra, Shahzadi Dilawar, Parkash, Arit
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Islamabad Knowledge Bylanes 31.03.2023; AsiaNet Pakistan (Pvt) Ltd; Health Research Institute (HRI), National Institute of Health (NIH)
• Subjects: Age; Antibodies; Autoimmune diseases; Childrens health; Diabetes; Endocrinology; Females; Gender; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Insulin; Medical research; Pediatrics; Population; Sample size; Thyroid diseases; Thyroid hormones; Type 1 diabetes; Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, Autoinsuline antibodies, Antithyroid antibodies; Viral antibodies; Karachi Pakistan; Pakistan
• ISSN: 0030-9842

Background: During past decade, type 1 diabetes (T1DM) disease burden has increased among all ages, but the rapid growth was seen in young children. It is quite common to have coexistence of other autoimmune disorders among children having T1DM. Objective: To evaluate the frequency of thyroid dysfunction in children having T1DM and association of insulin antibodies with thyroid antibodies in TIDM. Study type, settings and duration: This cross-sectional study was performed at Department of Endocrinology, National Institute of Child Health, Karachi from June to December 2021. Methodology: Children of age 2-17 years with T1DM were enrolled for this the study. Patients' socio-demographic and clinical profile was documented in a pre-designed proforma. SPSS version 21 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Mean age of patients was 10.49±4.24 years. Out of 133 children, 59.4% were females. 18.79% were positive for Insulin autoantibody, while 16.5% were positive for IA-2 and 33.1% for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). 22.6% of patients were positive for thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and 39.09% were positive for Tg-AB. A total of 84.2% of subjects had euthyroidism, 13.53% of subjects had hypothyroidism (subclinical or clinical) while 2.3% had hyperthyroidism. A significant association among the subjects with positive insulin autoantibodies and those with thyroglobulin antibodies was observed. Conclusion: A positive association between Insulin and Thyroglobulin antibodies suggests that patients with positive insulin antibodies are more likely to have thyroglobulin antibodies. Therefore, it is imperative to test and manage these markers on a frequent and regular basis to avoid the aggravation of the health of the patients suffering from type 1 diabetes mellitus.