Pale-green phenotype of atl31atl6 double mutant leaves is caused by disruption of 5-aminolevulinic acid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis ubiquitin ligases ATL31 and homologue ATL6 control the carbon/nitrogen nutrient and pathogen responses. A mutant with the loss-of-function of both atl31 and atl6 developed light intensity-dependent pale-green true leaves, whereas the single knockout mutants did not. Plastid ultrastructur...
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Published in | PloS one Vol. 10; no. 2; p. e0117662 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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2015
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Abstract | Arabidopsis ubiquitin ligases ATL31 and homologue ATL6 control the carbon/nitrogen nutrient and pathogen responses. A mutant with the loss-of-function of both atl31 and atl6 developed light intensity-dependent pale-green true leaves, whereas the single knockout mutants did not. Plastid ultrastructure and Blue Native-PAGE analyses revealed that pale-green leaves contain abnormal plastid structure with highly reduced levels of thylakoid proteins. In contrast, the pale-green leaves of the atl31/atl6 mutant showed normal Fv/Fm. In the pale-green leaves of the atl31/atl6, the expression of HEMA1, which encodes the key enzyme for 5-aminolevulinic acid synthesis, the rate-limiting step in chlorophyll biosynthesis, was markedly down-regulated. The expression of key transcription factor GLK1, which directly promotes HEMA1 transcription, was also significantly decreased in atl31/atl6 mutant. Finally, application of 5-aminolevulinic acid to the atl31/atl6 mutants resulted in recovery to a green phenotype. Taken together, these findings indicate that the 5-aminolevulinic acid biosynthesis step was inhibited through the down-regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis-related genes in the pale-green leaves of atl31/atl6 mutant. |
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AbstractList | Arabidopsis ubiquitin ligases ATL31 and homologue ATL6 control the carbon/nitrogen nutrient and pathogen responses. A mutant with the loss-of-function of both atl31 and atl6 developed light intensity-dependent pale-green true leaves, whereas the single knockout mutants did not. Plastid ultrastructure and Blue Native-PAGE analyses revealed that pale-green leaves contain abnormal plastid structure with highly reduced levels of thylakoid proteins. In contrast, the pale-green leaves of the atl31/atl6 mutant showed normal Fv/Fm. In the pale-green leaves of the atl31/atl6, the expression of HEMA1, which encodes the key enzyme for 5-aminolevulinic acid synthesis, the rate-limiting step in chlorophyll biosynthesis, was markedly down-regulated. The expression of key transcription factor GLK1, which directly promotes HEMA1 transcription, was also significantly decreased in atl31/atl6 mutant. Finally, application of 5-aminolevulinic acid to the atl31/atl6 mutants resulted in recovery to a green phenotype. Taken together, these findings indicate that the 5-aminolevulinic acid biosynthesis step was inhibited through the down-regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis-related genes in the pale-green leaves of atl31/atl6 mutant. |
Author | Sato, Takeo Tanaka, Ayumi Takabayashi, Atsushi Yamaguchi, Junji Yamamoto, Hiroko Huarancca Reyes, Thais Maekawa, Shugo |
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BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25706562$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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SubjectTerms | Aminolevulinic Acid - metabolism Arabidopsis - genetics Arabidopsis - metabolism Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics Chlorophyll - genetics Down-Regulation - genetics Gene Expression Regulation, Plant - genetics Mutation - genetics Phenotype Plant Leaves - genetics Plant Leaves - metabolism Plastids - genetics Thylakoids - genetics Transcription Factors - genetics Transcription, Genetic - genetics Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases - genetics |
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Title | Pale-green phenotype of atl31atl6 double mutant leaves is caused by disruption of 5-aminolevulinic acid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana |
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