Operational states and intensity noise characteristics of time-delayed semiconductor lasers subject to strong optical feedback

This article investigates the effects of strong optical feedback on the operational states and relative intensity noise fluctuations of long external cavity semiconductor lasers. Using modified rate equations, the findings show that the pulsation amplitude increases significantly, and the time to re...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inOptik (Stuttgart) Vol. 326; p. 172263
Main Author Abdulrhmann, Salah
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Elsevier GmbH 01.05.2025
Subjects
Bifurcation diagram
Chaos
Pulsing
Relative intensity noise
Semiconductor lasers
Strong optical feedback
Chaos
Bifurcation diagram
Strong optical feedback
Semiconductor lasers
Relative intensity noise
Pulsing
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Summary:This article investigates the effects of strong optical feedback on the operational states and relative intensity noise fluctuations of long external cavity semiconductor lasers. Using modified rate equations, the findings show that the pulsation amplitude increases significantly, and the time to reach steady-state operation decreases when noise sources are included. Under strong optical feedback, the laser exhibits pulsating behavior, with relative intensity noise reduced to quantum noise level at high injection currents. In chaotic conditions, two peaks appear at the external and relaxation frequencies, indicating instability due to two threshold conditions related to the laser and external cavity. Consequently, the low-frequency relative intensity noise is elevated above quantum noise levels. Increasing the optical feedback and enhancing the injection current are essential for stable, low-noise pulsating laser operation.
ISSN:0030-4026
DOI:10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172263