Issues of legal regulation of the implementation of the main directions of scientific and technological development in Russia

• Published in: Юридические исследования no. 6; pp. 71 - 89
• Main Author: Ostroushko, Aleksandr Vladimirovich
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: 01.06.2025
• ISSN: 2409-7136; 2409-7136
• DOI: 10.25136/2409-7136.2025.6.74715

The subject of the research is the mechanism of legal regulation of the processes for the implementation of national programs in the field of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation. The work analyzes the theoretical and legal foundations of this institution; it examines the targeted directions for the development of legal regulation specified in the National Projects and other documents regulating the achievement of national development goals; it analyzes the current state and compliance of existing legal mechanisms with established priorities; it identifies shortcomings and conflicts in the regulation of scientific and technological development; it proposes measures to improve its normative regulation and organizational-legal forms for the practical implementation of the provisions of strategic planning documents. Special attention is given to the fact that the documents containing the fundamental principles of state policy in this area pay insufficient attention to legal regulation, primarily stating goals and tasks, as well as planned outcomes to be achieved. It is justified that it is necessary to supplement and expand the regulation of technological development directions both with newly adopted normative legal acts and by amending existing ones. To conduct the research, a methodology was used that included an analytical review of strategic planning documents, the normative legal framework, drafts of normative legal acts, and scientific literature on the subject of research, as well as the generalization and systematization of data and the formation of proposals to resolve the identified problems. The results of the research showed the inadequacy of the existing legal framework for the effective implementation of measures to achieve scientific and technological development. Thus, the main criteria and a list of indicators for assessing the effectiveness of the activities of federal executive authorities for achieving prioritized directions of scientific and technological development have not been established. The legal norms that define specific steps for the implementation of the main directions of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation at the current stage of the implementation of National Projects are still in the formation stage, which corresponds to the criteria outlined in the foundational documents. The novelty of the research lies in the identification and justification of the potential of the legal regulation mechanism in the field of scientific and technological development. Specific ways to improve legal regulation for each of the seven directions of scientific and technological development are proposed. In particular, changes to Federal Law No. 127-FZ "On Science and State Scientific and Technological Policy" and recommendations for the creation of a technological code are suggested.