Nutrient regulation of the islet epigenome controls adaptive insulin secretion

Adaptation of the islet β-cell insulin secretory response to changing insulin demand is critical for blood glucose homeostasis, yet the mechanisms underlying this adaptation are unknown. Here, we show that nutrient-stimulated histone acetylation plays a key role in adapting insulin secretion through...

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Published inbioRxiv
Main Authors Wortham, Matthew, Liu, Fenfen, Fleischman, Johanna Y, Wallace, Martina, Mulas, Francesca, Vinckier, Nicholas K, Harrington, Austin R, Cross, Benjamin R, Chiou, Joshua, Patel, Nisha A, Sui, Yinghui, Jhala, Ulupi S, Shirihai, Orian S, Huising, Mark O, Gaulton, Kyle J, Metallo, Christian M, Sander, Maike
Format Paper
LanguageEnglish
Published Cold Spring Harbor Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 21.08.2019
Subjects
Acetylation
Adaptation
Beta cells
Blood glucose
Chromatin
Clonal deletion
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)
Gene regulation
Genetic diversity
Glucose
Homeostasis
Insulin
Insulin secretion
Secretion
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Summary:Adaptation of the islet β-cell insulin secretory response to changing insulin demand is critical for blood glucose homeostasis, yet the mechanisms underlying this adaptation are unknown. Here, we show that nutrient-stimulated histone acetylation plays a key role in adapting insulin secretion through regulation of genes involved in β-cell nutrient sensing and metabolism. Nutrient regulation of the epigenome occurs at sites occupied by the chromatin-modifying enzyme Lsd1 in islets. We demonstrate that β-cell-specific deletion of Lsd1 leads to insulin hypersecretion, aberrant expression of nutrient response genes, and histone hyperacetylation. Islets from mice adapted to chronically increased insulin demand exhibited similar epigenetic and transcriptional changes. Moreover, genetic variants associated with fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes are enriched at LSD1-bound sites in human islets, suggesting that interpretation of nutrient signals is genetically determined. Our findings reveal that adaptive insulin secretion involves Lsd1-mediated coupling of nutrient state to regulation of the islet epigenome.
DOI:10.1101/742403