Gastroprotective Efficacy of Prebiotic-based Oral Formulation of Amoxicillin

• Published in: Journal of pharmaceutical innovation Vol. 19; no. 6
• Main Authors: Supriya, Shashi, Rai, Vineet Kumar, Pradhan, Deepak, Halder, Jitu, Rajwar, Tushar Kanti, Mahanty, Ritu, Saha, Ivy, Dash, Priyanka, Dash, Chandan, Rout, Saroj Kumar, Al-Tamimi, Jameel, Ebaid, Hossan, Manoharadas, Salim, Kar, Biswakanth, Ghosh, Goutam, Rath, Goutam
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01.12.2024
• Subjects: Biochemical Engineering; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Biotechnology; Industrial and Production Engineering; Original Article; Pharmacology/Toxicology; Pectin; Amoxicillin; Gastric distress; Prebiotics
• ISSN: 1872-5120; 1939-8042
• DOI: 10.1007/s12247-024-09875-1

Purpose Amoxicillin's side effects are due to its propensity to disturb gut flora. Prebiotics can aid in reversing the dysbiosis caused by antibiotics by promoting the growth of various indigenous gut flora. The present investigation aims to determine the prebiotic potential of common binders (starch, gelatin, pectin, and guar gum) against L. acidophilus . The further objective is to explore the potential biological advantages of amoxicillin therapy when prepared with potential prebiotic excipients. Methods In the current investigation, prebiotic-based amoxicillin granules were prepared by wet granulation method with 81.5 ± 3.26% yield. To ensure their therapeutic outcomes, prepared granules were evaluated based on drug release profile, drug degradation, prebiotic potential, in vitro antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory activity, and anti-diarrhoeal potential. Results After 24, 36, 48 and 60 h of incubation of L. acidophilus in different base materials, it was found that the growth of L. acidophilus was more in pectin, among other binders. Formulated granules showed better intestinal stability and sustained release profile (~ 60% release in 4 h). FTIR, DSC and XRD analyses revealed minimal interaction between the drug and the selected excipients. Granules were found to have superior S. aureus and P. aeruginosa inhibition potential compared with the pure drug and starch formulations. Also, the highest antioxidant activity was observed in the Pectin granules compared to starch granules and the pure drug. IL-6, IL1β, and TNF-α levels of the pectin-treated group show better anti-inflammatory properties than starch formulations and pure drugs. The anti-diarrhoeal effect of pectin was found to be better because it supports the growth of probiotics. Conclusion In this study, pectin-based amoxicillin granules were superior in mitigating the gastric distress associated with oral amoxicillin administration. The metabolites of probiotics reduced gut pathogens, inflammation, and oxidation, suggesting that the formulated pectin-amoxicillin granules effectively provide gastroprotection. Graphical Abstract