Supercritical CO 2 Extraction of Carotenoids (Astaxanthin, Adonirubin, and Adonixanthin) from Paracoccus carotinifaciens : Improved Z ‐Isomer Ratio and Recovery of Carotenoids via High‐Temperature Extraction
Abstract The effects of high‐temperature supercritical CO 2 (SC‐CO 2 ) extraction on Z ‐isomerization and recovery of carotenoids (astaxanthin, adonirubin, and adonixanthin) from Paracoccus carotinifaciens are investigated. The high‐temperature extraction, especially at >100 °C, not only increase...
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Published in | European journal of lipid science and technology Vol. 124; no. 7 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
01.07.2022
|
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Abstract
The effects of high‐temperature supercritical CO
2
(SC‐CO
2
) extraction on
Z
‐isomerization and recovery of carotenoids (astaxanthin, adonirubin, and adonixanthin) from
Paracoccus carotinifaciens
are investigated. The high‐temperature extraction, especially at >100 °C, not only increases the total
Z
‐isomer ratio of carotenoids in the resulting extracts but also improves carotenoid recovery. For example, when the SC‐CO
2
extraction is performed at 60 °C and 30 MPa with an entrainer (ethanol), the total
Z
‐isomer ratio and the recovery of astaxanthin are 11.1% and 28.4%, respectively, whereas at 120 °C, the values increase to 54.2 and 56.4%, respectively. The significant improvement in the extraction efficiency of carotenoids at high temperatures can be attributed to the increase in the ratio of carotenoid
Z
‐isomers with high solubility in SC‐CO
2
. Moreover, the effects of extraction pressure and entrainer content on
Z
‐isomerization and recovery of carotenoids are also investigated. The results show that higher pressure and ethanol content resulted in lower
Z
‐isomer ratios and higher recoveries of carotenoids. As the
Z
‐isomers of carotenoids have greater bioavailability and potentially exhibit superior biological activities than the all‐
E
‐isomers, high value‐added carotenoids, and higher yield can be simultaneously achieved with high‐temperature extraction.
Practical applications
: As carotenoid extraction is usually performed using toxic organic solvents, residual solvents are a serious concern. In addition, naturally occurring carotenoids (mainly the all‐
E
‐isomers) have low bioavailability. These are important issues that need to be overcome for the industrial use of carotenoids. The
Z
‐isomer‐rich carotenoids obtained by SC‐CO
2
extraction under high‐temperature conditions have great potential to solve these issues simultaneously. |
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ISSN: | 1438-7697 1438-9312 |
DOI: | 10.1002/ejlt.202200021 |