Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Trajectory of Emerging Echovirus 30, Europe

• Published in: Emerging infectious diseases Vol. 27; no. 6; pp. 1616 - 1626
• Main Authors: Benschop, Kimberley S M, Broberg, Eeva K, Hodcroft, Emma, Schmitz, Dennis, Albert, Jan, Baicus, Anda, Bailly, Jean-Luc, Baldvinsdottir, Gudrun, Berginc, Natasa, Blomqvist, Soile, Böttcher, Sindy, Brytting, Mia, Bujaki, Erika, Cabrerizo, Maria, Celma, Cristina, Cinek, Ondrej, Claas, Eric C J, Cremer, Jeroen, Dean, Jonathan, Dembinski, Jennifer L, Demchyshyna, Iryna, Diedrich, Sabine, Dudman, Susanne, Dunning, Jake, Dyrdak, Robert, Emmanouil, Mary, Farkas, Agnes, De Gascun, Cillian, Fournier, Guillaume, Georgieva, Irina, Gonzalez-Sanz, Ruben, van Hooydonk-Elving, Jolanda, Jääskeläinen, Anne J, Jancauskaite, Ruta, Keeren, Kathrin, Fischer, Thea K, Krokstad, Sidsel, Nikolaeva-Glomb, Lubomira, Novakova, Ludmila, Midgley, Sofie E, Mirand, Audrey, Molenkamp, Richard, Morley, Ursula, Mossong, Joël, Muralyte, Svajune, Murk, Jean-Luc, Nguyen, Trung, Nordbø, Svein A, Österback, Riikka, Pas, Suzan, Pellegrinelli, Laura, Pogka, Vassiliki, Prochazka, Birgit, Rainetova, Petra, Van Ranst, Marc, Roorda, Lieuwe, Schuffenecker, Isabelle, Schuurman, Rob, Stoyanova, Asya, Templeton, Kate, Verweij, Jaco J, Voulgari-Kokota, Androniki, Vuorinen, Tytti, Wollants, Elke, Wolthers, Katja C, Zakikhany, Katherina, Neher, Richard, Harvala, Heli, Simmonds, Peter
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States U.S. National Center for Infectious Diseases 01.06.2021; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
• Subjects: Age groups; Biodiversity and Ecology; Causes of; Data collection; Datasets; Distribution; ECHO viruses; Echovirus Infections; Emerging communicable diseases; Enterovirus B, Human - genetics; Enterovirus diseases; Enterovirus Infections; Environment and Society; Environmental Engineering; Environmental Sciences; Epidemics; epidemiological monitoring; Epidemiology; Europe; evolutionary trajectory; genetic recombination; Genomes; Genotype; Global Changes; Humans; Life Sciences; Medicin och hälsovetenskap; Meningitis; Microbiology and Parasitology; Molecular Epidemiology; Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Trajectory of Emerging Echovirus 30, Europe; Natural history; neurological manifestations; Phylogenetics; Phylogeny; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Trees; Virology; whole-genome sequencing; Europe; Netherlands; viruses; enterovirus; Europe; whole-genome sequencing; evolutionary trajectory; genetic recombination; epidemiological monitoring; European Non-Polio Enterovirus Network; echovirus 30; Molecular epidemiology; Nextstrain; meningitis/encephalitis; neurological manifestations
• ISSN: 1080-6040; 1080-6059; 1080-6059
• DOI: 10.3201/eid2706.203096

In 2018, an upsurge in echovirus 30 (E30) infections was reported in Europe. We conducted a large-scale epidemiologic and evolutionary study of 1,329 E30 strains collected in 22 countries in Europe during 2016-2018. Most E30 cases affected persons 0-4 years of age (29%) and 25-34 years of age (27%). Sequences were divided into 6 genetic clades (G1-G6). Most (53%) sequences belonged to G1, followed by G6 (23%), G2 (17%), G4 (4%), G3 (0.3%), and G5 (0.2%). Each clade encompassed unique individual recombinant forms; G1 and G4 displayed >2 unique recombinant forms. Rapid turnover of new clades and recombinant forms occurred over time. Clades G1 and G6 dominated in 2018, suggesting the E30 upsurge was caused by emergence of 2 distinct clades circulating in Europe. Investigation into the mechanisms behind the rapid turnover of E30 is crucial for clarifying the epidemiology and evolution of these enterovirus infections.