Weight Loss Predicts Progression of Mild Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer’s Disease

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 11; no. 3; p. e0151710
• Main Authors: Cova, Ilaria, Clerici, Francesca, Rossi, Annalia, Cucumo, Valentina, Ghiretti, Roberta, Maggiore, Laura, Pomati, Simone, Galimberti, Daniela, Scarpini, Elio, Mariani, Claudio, Caracciolo, Barbara
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 18.03.2016; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Activities of daily living; Aged; Aging; Alzheimer Disease - epidemiology; Alzheimer's disease; Anorexia; Biology and Life Sciences; Biomarkers; Body Weight - physiology; Cognitive ability; Cognitive disorders; Cognitive Dysfunction - epidemiology; Complications and side effects; Dementia; Dementia disorders; Dementia, Vascular - epidemiology; Development and progression; Diagnosis; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Disease Progression; Family medical history; Female; Geriatrics; Hospitals; Humans; Impairment; Lewy Body Disease - epidemiology; Male; Medicine and Health Sciences; Mitochondrial DNA; Neuropsychological Tests; Neurosciences; Older people; Physiological aspects; Population; Prognosis; Psychiatry; Risk factors; Social Sciences; Weight loss; Weight Loss - physiology; Italy; Sweden
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151710

Weight loss is common in people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and it could be a marker of impending AD in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and improve prognostic accuracy, if accelerated progression to AD would be shown. To assess weight loss as a predictor of dementia and AD in MCI. One hundred twenty-five subjects with MCI (age 73.8 ± 7.1 years) were followed for an average of 4 years. Two weight measurements were carried out at a minimum time interval of one year. Dementia was defined according to DSM-IV criteria and AD according to NINCDS-ADRDA criteria. Weight loss was defined as a ≥4% decrease in baseline weight. Fifty-three (42.4%) MCI progressed to dementia, which was of the AD-type in half of the cases. Weight loss was associated with a 3.4-fold increased risk of dementia (95% CI = 1.5-6.9) and a 3.2-fold increased risk of AD (95% CI = 1.4-8.3). In terms of years lived without disease, weight loss was associated to a 2.3 and 2.5 years earlier onset of dementia and AD. Accelerated progression towards dementia and AD is expected when weight loss is observed in MCI patients. Weight should be closely monitored in elderly with mild cognitive impairment.