Deformation of the Outer Hair Cells and the Accumulation of Caveolin-2 in Connexin 26 Deficient Mice

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 10; no. 10; p. e0141258
• Main Authors: Anzai, Takashi, Fukunaga, Ichiro, Hatakeyama, Kaori, Fujimoto, Ayumi, Kobayashi, Kazuma, Nishikawa, Atena, Aoki, Toru, Noda, Tetsuo, Minowa, Osamu, Ikeda, Katsuhisa, Kamiya, Kazusaku
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 22.10.2015; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Accumulation; Analysis; Animals; Biology; Blotting, Western; Caveolin; Caveolin 2 - metabolism; Cell cycle; Cell Membrane - metabolism; Cochlea; Connexin 26; Connexins - physiology; Deafness; Deformation; Deformation mechanisms; Degeneration; Disease; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Hair; Hair cells; Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer - metabolism; Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer - pathology; Hearing loss; Hearing Loss - metabolism; Hearing Loss - pathology; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted - methods; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Immunohistochemistry; Laboratories; Lasers; Male; Medical research; Medicine; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Microscopy; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Mutation; Neurosciences; Notches; Organ of Corti; Otolaryngology; Outer hair cells; Physiology; Surface structure; Target recognition; University faculty; Japan
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141258

Mutations in GJB2, which encodes connexin 26 (Cx26), a cochlear gap junction protein, represent a major cause of pre-lingual, non-syndromic deafness. The degeneration of the organ of Corti observed in Cx26 mutant-associated deafness is thought to be a secondary pathology of hearing loss. Here we focused on abnormal development of the organ of Corti followed by degeneration including outer hair cell (OHC) loss. We investigated the crucial factors involved in late-onset degeneration and loss of OHC by ultrastructural observation, immunohistochemistry and protein analysis in our Cx26-deficient mice (Cx26f/fP0Cre). In ultrastructural observations of Cx26f/fP0Cre mice, OHCs changed shape irregularly, and several folds or notches were observed in the plasma membrane. Furthermore, the mutant OHCs had a flat surface compared with the characteristic wavy surface structure of OHCs of normal mice. Protein analysis revealed an increased protein level of caveolin-2 (CAV2) in Cx26f/fP0Cre mouse cochlea. In immunohistochemistry, a remarkable accumulation of CAV2 was observed in Cx26f/fP0Cre mice. In particular, this accumulation of CAV2 was mainly observed around OHCs, and furthermore this accumulation was observed around the shrunken site of OHCs with an abnormal hourglass-like shape. The deformation of OHCs and the accumulation of CAV2 in the organ of Corti may play a crucial role in the progression of, or secondary OHC loss in, GJB2-associated deafness. Investigation of these molecular pathways, including those involving CAV2, may contribute to the elucidation of a new pathogenic mechanism of GJB2-associated deafness and identify effective targets for new therapies.