In vivo comparison of the bone regeneration capability of human bone marrow concentrates vs. platelet-rich plasma

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 7; no. 7; p. e40833
• Main Authors: Zhong, Weijian, Sumita, Yoshinori, Ohba, Seigo, Kawasaki, Takako, Nagai, Kazuhiro, Ma, Guowu, Asahina, Izumi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 12.07.2012; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Adult; Animals; Augmentation; Biomedical materials; Blood; Blood platelets; Blood Platelets - metabolism; Bone and Bones - cytology; Bone and Bones - physiology; Bone growth; Bone marrow; Bone Marrow Cells - metabolism; Bone Regeneration - physiology; Bone Transplantation; Calcium phosphate; Calcium phosphates; CD105 antigen; CD34 antigen; CD90 antigen; Cell Count; Cells (biology); Centrifugation; Clinical trials; Comparative analysis; Cranium; Defects; Female; Flow Cytometry; Growth factors; Humans; Immunodeficiency; Leukocytes; Light microscopy; Male; Maxillofacial surgery; Medicine; Mice; Middle Aged; Osteogenesis - physiology; Peripheral blood; Plasma; Platelet-Rich Plasma - metabolism; Platelets; Progenitor cells; Regeneration; Regeneration (physiology); Sinuses; Skin & tissue grafts; Staining and Labeling; Stem cell transplantation; Stem cells; Surgery; Surgical implants; TCP/IP (Network protocols); Tissue engineering; Tricalcium phosphate; China; Japan
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040833

Bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) including high densities of stem cells and progenitor cells may possess a stronger bone regenerative capability compared with Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), which contains enriched growth factors. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of human BMAC and PRP in combination with β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) on promoting initial bone augmentation in an immunodeficient mouse model. BMAC and PRP were concentrated with an automated blood separator from the bone marrow and peripheral blood aspirates. β-TCP particles were employed as a scaffold to carry cells. After cell counting and FACS characterization, three groups of nude mice (BMAC+TCP, PRP+TCP, and a TCP control) were implanted with graft materials for onlay placement on the cranium. Samples were harvested after 4 weeks, and serial sections were prepared. We observed the new bone on light microscopy and performed histomorphometric analysis. After centrifugation, the concentrations of nucleated cells and platelets in BMAC were increased by factors of 2.8 ± 0.8 and 5.3 ± 2.4, respectively, whereas leucocytes and platelets in PRP were increased by factors of 4.1 ± 1.8 and 4.4 ± 1.9, respectively. The concentrations of CD34-, CD271-, CD90-, CD105-, and CD146-positive cells were markedly increased in both BMAC and PRP. The percentage of new bone in the BMAC group (7.6 ± 3.9%) and the PRP group (7.2 ± 3.8%) were significantly higher than that of TCP group (2.7 ± 1.4%). Significantly more bone cells in the new bone occurred in sites transplanted with BMAC (552 ± 257) and PRP (491 ± 211) compared to TCP alone (187 ± 94). But the difference between the treatment groups was not significant. Both human BMACs and PRP may provide therapeutic benefits in bone tissue engineering applications. These fractions possess a similar ability to enhance early-phase bone regeneration.