Exploration of small RNAs

• Published in: PLoS genetics Vol. 4; no. 1; p. e22
• Main Authors: Kawaji, Hideya, Hayashizaki, Yoshihide
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 01.01.2008; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Animals; Arabidopsis; Caenorhabditis; Drosophila; Genetics; Genetics and Genomics; Genomes; Homo (Human); Humans; MicroRNAs - genetics; MicroRNAs - metabolism; Molecular Biology; Mus (Mouse); Proteins; Review; Ribonucleic acid; RNA; RNA Interference; RNA, Small Nucleolar - genetics; RNA, Small Nucleolar - metabolism; RNA, Untranslated - genetics; RNA, Untranslated - metabolism; Target recognition; Transfer RNA; Japan
• ISSN: 1553-7404; 1553-7390; 1553-7404
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0040022

For several decades, only a limited number of noncoding RNAs, such as ribosomal and transfer RNA, have been studied in any depth. In recent years, additional species of noncoding RNAs have increasingly been discovered. Of these, small RNA species attract particular interest because of their essential roles in processes such as RNA silencing and modifications. Detailed analyses revealed several pathways associated with the function of small RNAs. Although these pathways show evolutional conservation, there are substantial differences. Advanced technologies to profile RNAs have accelerated the field further resulting in the discovery of an increasing number of novel species, suggesting that we are only just beginning to appreciate the complexity of small RNAs and their functions. Here, we review recent progress in novel small RNA exploration, including discovered small RNA species, their pathways, and devised technologies.