Rapid diagnosis of periodontitis, a feasibility study using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 15; no. 3; p. e0230334
• Main Authors: Antezack, Angéline, Chaudet, Hervé, Tissot-Dupont, Hervé, Brouqui, Philippe, Monnet-Corti, Virginie
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 13.03.2020; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Bacteriology; Biology and Life Sciences; Biomarkers; Cardiology and cardiovascular system; Criminal investigation; Decision trees; Dental materials; Dental plaque; Diagnosis; Diagnostic systems; Disease; Emerging diseases; Engineering and Technology; Feasibility studies; Gum disease; Health care; Human health and pathology; Infections; Infectious diseases; Life Sciences; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; Medical diagnosis; Medical tests; Medicine and Health Sciences; Microbiology and Parasitology; Odontology; Parasitology; Patients; Periodontics; Periodontitis; Periodontium; Physical Sciences; Proteins; Research and Analysis Methods; Saliva; Scientific imaging; Sensitivity; Spectroscopy; Teeth; Time; Virology; France; Periodontal diseases; Periodontitis; Diagnostic medicine; Teeth; Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry; Decision trees; Saliva; Epidemiology
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230334

The aim of the present study was to assess the feasibility and diagnostic contribution of protein profiling using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry applied to saliva, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and dental plaque from periodontitis and healthy subjects. We hypothesized that rapid routine and blinded MALDI-TOF analysis could accurately classify these three types of samples according to periodontal state. Unstimulated saliva, GCF and dental plaque, collected from periodontitis subjects and healthy controls, were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS. Based on the differentially expressed peaks between the two groups, diagnostic decision trees were built for each sample. Among 141 patients (67 periodontitis and 74 healthy controls), the decision trees diagnosed periodontitis with a sensitivity = 70.3% (± 0.211) and a specificity = 77.8% (± 0.165) for saliva, a sensitivity = 79.6% (± 0.188) and a specificity = 75.7% (± 0.195) for GCF, and a sensitivity = 72.1% (± 0.202) and a specificity = 72.2% (± 0.195) for dental plaque. The sensitivity and specificity of the tests were improved to 100% (CI 95% = [0.91;1]) and 100% (CI 95% = [0.92;1]), respectively, when two samples were tested. We developed, for the first time, diagnostic tests based on protein profiles of saliva, GCF and dental plaque between periodontitis patients and healthy subjects. When at least 2 of these samples were tested, the best results were obtained.