Listening to Music during Warming-Up Counteracts the Negative Effects of Ramadan Observance on Short-Term Maximal Performance

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 10; no. 8; p. e0136400
• Main Authors: Aloui, Asma, Briki, Walid, Baklouti, Hana, Chtourou, Hamdi, Driss, Tarak, Chaouachi, Anis, Chamari, Karim, Souissi, Nizar
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 24.08.2015; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Adult; Anxiety; Anxiety - physiopathology; Anxiety - therapy; Athletes; Bioengineering; Biomechanics; Body mass; Cognitive ability; Emotional behavior; Exercise; Exercise Test - psychology; Fasting; Fasting - physiology; Fasting - psychology; Health aspects; Human health and pathology; Humans; Imaging; Islam; Laboratories; Life Sciences; Listening; Male; Mechanics; Medicine; Motivation; Music; Music Therapy; Muslims; Physical education; Physics; Physiological aspects; Physiology; Short term; Studies; Teaching methods; Tissues and Organs; Qatar; Tunisia; Sunset; Analyse du Mouvement en Biomécanique Physiologie et Imagerie; Experimental design; Normal distribution; Anxiety; Cognition; Music perception; Music cognition; Sports
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136400

The aim of the present study was to examine whether listening to music during warming-up might influence short-term maximal performance (STMP), cognitive anxiety, self-confidence, and enjoyment during Ramadan, and whether these affects might predict STMP. Nine male physical education students (age: 21 ± 1.1 years; height: 1.8 ± 0.04 m; body mass: 83 ± 5 kg) volunteered to participate in the present study. A within-subjects design consisted of four experimental sessions: Two sessions occurred one week before Ramadan and two others took place during Ramadan. They were scheduled at 5 p.m. and were conducted as follows: After a 10-minute warm-up either with or without listening to music, each participant performed a 5-m multiple shuttle run test, after which he was asked to answer items intended to assess his affective state during the experimental task. Our findings revealed that STMP was lower during Ramadan than before Ramadan in the no-music condition. Additionally, it was found that STMP was higher in the music condition than in the no-music condition during Ramadan, and that STMP measured before Ramadan did not differ from that measured during Ramadan in the music condition. Regarding affects, the findings revealed that enjoyment was lower during Ramadan than before Ramadan in the music condition, and that cognitive anxiety was lower in the music condition than in the no-music condition before Ramadan. Self-confidence was not influenced by the experimental conditions. This study showed that listening to music during warming-up not only would be beneficial for STMP in Ramadan fasters, but also would counteract the negative effects of Ramadan observance on STMP.