Interleukin-6 Directly Increases Glucose Metabolism in Resting Human Skeletal Muscle
Interleukin-6 Directly Increases Glucose Metabolism in Resting Human Skeletal Muscle Stephan Glund 1 , Atul Deshmukh 1 , Yun Chau Long 1 , Theodore Moller 1 , Heikki A. Koistinen 2 , Kenneth Caidahl 3 , Juleen R. Zierath 1 and Anna Krook 1 4 1 Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section fo...
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Published in | Diabetes (New York, N.Y.) Vol. 56; no. 6; pp. 1630 - 1637 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Alexandria, VA
American Diabetes Association
01.06.2007
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Interleukin-6 Directly Increases Glucose Metabolism in Resting Human Skeletal Muscle
Stephan Glund 1 ,
Atul Deshmukh 1 ,
Yun Chau Long 1 ,
Theodore Moller 1 ,
Heikki A. Koistinen 2 ,
Kenneth Caidahl 3 ,
Juleen R. Zierath 1 and
Anna Krook 1 4
1 Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska
Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
2 Helsinki University Central Hospital and Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland
3 Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section for Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska
Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
4 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Anna Krook, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section for Integrative
Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, von Eulers väg 4, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. E-mail: anna.krook{at}ki.se
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-6 is a proinflammatory cytokine shown to modify insulin sensitivity. Elevated plasma levels of IL-6 are observed
in insulin-resistant states. Interestingly, plasma IL-6 levels also increase during exercise, with skeletal muscle being the
predominant source. Thus, IL-6 has also been suggested to promote insulin-mediated glucose utilization. In this study, we
determined the direct effects of IL-6 on glucose transport and signal transduction in human skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle
strips were prepared from vastus lateralis biopsies obtained from 22 healthy men. Muscle strips were incubated with or without
IL-6 (120 ng/ml). We found that IL-6 increased glucose transport in human skeletal muscle 1.3-fold ( P < 0.05). A 30-min pre-exposure to IL-6 did not affect insulin-stimulated glucose transport. IL-6 also increased skeletal
muscle glucose incorporation into glycogen, as well as glucose oxidation (1.5- and 1.3-fold, respectively; P < 0.05). IL-6 increased phosphorylation of STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; P < 0.05), AMP-activated protein kinase ( P = 0.063), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase ( P < 0.05) and reduced phosphorylation of S6 ribosomal protein ( P < 0.05). In contrast, phosphorylation of protein kinase B/Akt, AS160 (Akt substrate of 160 kDa), and GSK3α/β (glycogen synthase
kinase 3α/β) as well as insulin receptor substrate 1–associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity remained unaltered.
In conclusion, acute IL-6 exposure increases glucose metabolism in resting human skeletal muscle. Insulin-stimulated glucose
transport and insulin signaling were unchanged after IL-6 exposure.
AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
AS160, Akt substrate of 160 kDa
GSK, glycogen synthase kinase
IL, interleukin
IRS, insulin receptor substrate
KHBB, Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer
MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
PKB, protein kinase B
STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription
Footnotes
Published ahead or print at http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org on 15 March 2007. DOI: 10.2337/db06-1733.
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore
be hereby marked “advertisement” in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
Accepted February 23, 2007.
Received December 13, 2006.
DIABETES |
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Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
ISSN: | 0012-1797 1939-327X 1939-327X |
DOI: | 10.2337/db06-1733 |