Effect of season and high ambient temperature on activity levels and patterns of grizzly bears (Ursus arctos)
Understanding factors that influence daily and annual activity patterns of a species provides insights to challenges facing individuals, particularly when climate shifts, and thus is important in conservation. Using GPS collars with dual-axis motion sensors that recorded the number of switches every...
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Published in | PloS one Vol. 10; no. 2; p. e0117734 |
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Main Authors | , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
United States
Public Library of Science
18.02.2015
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Understanding factors that influence daily and annual activity patterns of a species provides insights to challenges facing individuals, particularly when climate shifts, and thus is important in conservation. Using GPS collars with dual-axis motion sensors that recorded the number of switches every 5 minutes we tested the hypotheses: 1. Grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) increase daily activity levels and active bout lengths when they forage on berries, the major high-energy food in this ecosystem, and 2. Grizzly bears become less active and more nocturnal when ambient temperature exceeds 20°C. We found support for hypothesis 1 with both male and female bears being active from 0.7 to 2.8 h longer in the berry season than in other seasons. Our prediction under hypothesis 2 was not supported. When bears foraged on berries on a dry, open mountainside, there was no relationship between daily maximum temperature (which varied from 20.4 to 40.1°C) and the total amount of time bears were active, and no difference in activity levels during day or night between warm (20.4-27.3°C) and hot (27.9-40.1°C) days. Our results highlight the strong influence that food acquisition has on activity levels and patterns of grizzly bears and is a challenge to the heat dissipation limitation theory. |
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Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Conceived and designed the experiments: MLM BNM. Performed the experiments: MLM BNM. Analyzed the data: MLM BNM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MLM BNM. Wrote the paper: MLM BNM. |
ISSN: | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
DOI: | 10.1371/journal.pone.0117734 |