Reconstruction of Multiple Facial Nerve Branches Using Skeletal Muscle-Derived Multipotent Stem Cell Sheet-Pellet Transplantation

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 10; no. 9; p. e0138371
• Main Authors: Saito, Kosuke, Tamaki, Tetsuro, Hirata, Maki, Hashimoto, Hiroyuki, Nakazato, Kenei, Nakajima, Nobuyuki, Kazuno, Akihito, Sakai, Akihiro, Iida, Masahiro, Okami, Kenji
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 15.09.2015; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Analysis; Animals; Biology; Blood vessels; Cancer; Cell culture; Development and progression; Electrical stimuli; Facial nerve; Facial Nerve - blood supply; Facial Nerve - physiology; Facial Nerve - surgery; Female; Genetic aspects; Growth factors; Head & neck cancer; Head and neck cancer; Health aspects; Immunohistochemistry; Laboratory animals; Male; Medical research; Medicine; Mice; Multipotent Stem Cells - cytology; Multipotent Stem Cells - metabolism; Multipotent Stem Cells - transplantation; Muscle contraction; Muscle, Skeletal - cytology; Muscles; Musculoskeletal system; Nerves; Networks; Neural networks; Orthopedics; Otolaryngology; Paralysis; Pellets; Physiological aspects; Physiology; Quality of life; Rats; Recovery; Recovery of Function; Rodents; Schwann cells; Skeletal muscle; Smooth muscle; Stem Cell Transplantation; Stem cells; Surgery; Transplantation; Japan
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138371

Head and neck cancer is often diagnosed at advanced stages, and surgical resection with wide margins is generally indicated, despite this treatment being associated with poor postoperative quality of life (QOL). We have previously reported on the therapeutic effects of skeletal muscle-derived multipotent stem cells (Sk-MSCs), which exert reconstitution capacity for muscle-nerve-blood vessel units. Recently, we further developed a 3D patch-transplantation system using Sk-MSC sheet-pellets. The aim of this study is the application of the 3D Sk-MSC transplantation system to the reconstitution of facial complex nerve-vascular networks after severe damage. Mouse experiments were performed for histological analysis and rats were used for functional examinations. The Sk-MSC sheet-pellets were prepared from GFP-Tg mice and SD rats, and were transplanted into the facial resection model (ST). Culture medium was transplanted as a control (NT). In the mouse experiment, facial-nerve-palsy (FNP) scoring was performed weekly during the recovery period, and immunohistochemistry was used for the evaluation of histological recovery after 8 weeks. In rats, contractility of facial muscles was measured via electrical stimulation of facial nerves root, as the marker of total functional recovery at 8 weeks after transplantation. The ST-group showed significantly higher FNP (about three fold) scores when compared to the NT-group after 2-8 weeks. Similarly, significant functional recovery of whisker movement muscles was confirmed in the ST-group at 8 weeks after transplantation. In addition, engrafted GFP+ cells formed complex branches of nerve-vascular networks, with differentiation into Schwann cells and perineurial/endoneurial cells, as well as vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Thus, Sk-MSC sheet-pellet transplantation is potentially useful for functional reconstitution therapy of large defects in facial nerve-vascular networks.